Pasien yang menjalani operasi Bedah Pintas Koroner (BPK) atau coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) memiliki risiko terjadinya komplikasi pasca operasi yang berakibat pada hari rawat yang lama bahkan kematian. Intervensi berupa rehabilitasi jantung fase I diperlukan untuk membantu mempercepat proses pemulihan pasca operasi serta mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca operasi BPK. Meskipun penelitian terkait rehabilitasi jantung sudah banyak dilakukan, namun perlu dilakukan telaah lebih lanjut dari artikel penelitian mengenai intervensi yang dapat dilakukan dalam program rehabilitasi jantung yang aman dan mudah dilakukan pada pasien pasca operasi BPK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat intervensi yang aman dan efektif dilakukan dalam rehabilitasi jantung fase I pada pasien yang menjalani operasi BPK. Studi literatur ini dibuat dengan melakukan analisis terhadap atikel-artikel ilmiah minimal penelitian retrospektif yang dipublikasi tahun 2008 sampai 2018 dan berbahasa Inggris. Data didapat dari database meliputi Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, dan Proquest dengan kata kunci cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization, education pre operative, dan physical exercise. Hasil studi literatur ini didapatkan 13 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil telaah ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan rehabilitasi jantung fase I pada pasien yang menjalani operasi BPK dimulai dari fase praoperasi dan dilanjutkan pasca operasi sampai pasien akan pulang. Intervensi rehabilitasi jantung fase I, baik pre maupun pasca operasi, terdiri dari edukasi dan konseling, latihan/ aktivitas fisik, latihan bernapas, latihan batuk efektif, inspiratory muscle training, fisioterapi dada, dan respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics. Oleh karena itu, hasil telaah literatur ini dapat menjadi dasar dalam menentukan standar prosedur operasional terhadap pelaksanaan rehabilitasi jantung fase I untuk rumah sakit yang menyediakan pelayanan operasi BPK. Kata Kunci: cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization. Abstract Cardiac rehabilitation phase I in patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting CABG surgery has a risk of post operative complication, which can cause prolonged length of stay and even mortality. The patient necessarily needs to do intervention cardiac rehabilitation phase I to help the recovery process after surgery and prevent post operative complications. The articles related to cardiac rehabilitation have been carried out. However, it is necessary to review research articles about the effective and safe intervention of cardiac rehabilitation phase I for patients undergoing CABG surgery. The aim of this study was to explore the effective and safe intervention of cardiac rehabilitation phase I. This literature review was conducted by analyzing articles including randomized control trial until retrospective design which published between 2008 to 2018 with English language articles. Data was searched through Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Proquest. The keyword was early ambulation, coronary artery bypass grafting, preoperative education, physical exercise, early mobilization, and cardiac rehabilitation phase I or inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The finding in this literature review was 13 articles corresponding with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result of this study found that the intervention in cardiac rehabilitation phase I in patient who undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery was started from preoperative and continued postoperative phases until the patient will leave the hospital. Interventions in cardiac rehabilitation phase I consisted of education and counseling, physical exercise/ activity, breathing exercises, effective cough exercises, inspiratory muscle training, chest physiotherapy, and respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics. Therefore, the result of this literature review can be the basis to determine standard operational procedure for the implementation of the cardiac rehabilitation phase I for the hospitals that provide CABG surgery. Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization
Children aged 1 to 3 years are the most critical period because 80% of brain growth occurs at that age or known as the Golden age (Nursalam, 2005). Based on the stages of growth and development of toddler-age children, it is necessary to get supervision from parents because in carrying out their activities children do not pay attention to the dangers that exist around them (Nursalam, 2005). According to dinkes Kepri (2014), the prevalence of injury events in toddler-aged children is injury (8.9%), drowning accidents (20.6%), bone fractures (2.6%), burns (5.3%), foreign body entry (9.7%), unexpected injuries (8.7%), and poisoning (10.26%). Toddler injuries can be prevented, one of which is with good supervision from parents (Arvin, 2000). This study aims to provide an overview of first aid behavior in toddler children who fall in the work area of the rafted health center. The total sample of this study was 30 people. The sampling technique uses a non-probability technique, namely a saturated sample or often called total sampling, where all members of the population are used as samples. In this study, it was known that respondents had alevel of good behavior (80%). This is influenced by several factors, namely education, sources of information, and experience. The results of this study are expected to add insight, contribute to science, especially those related to the problem of first aid in fallen toddler children and contribute thoughts for parents regarding first aid in fallen toddler children.
Pasien yang menjalani operasi Bedah Pintas Koroner (BPK) atau coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) memiliki risiko terjadinya komplikasi pasca operasi yang berakibat pada hari rawat yang lama bahkan kematian. Intervensi berupa rehabilitasi jantung fase I diperlukan untuk membantu mempercepat proses pemulihan pasca operasi serta mencegah terjadinya komplikasi pasca operasi BPK. Meskipun penelitian terkait rehabilitasi jantung sudah banyak dilakukan, namun perlu dilakukan telaah lebih lanjut dari artikel penelitian mengenai intervensi yang dapat dilakukan dalam program rehabilitasi jantung yang aman dan mudah dilakukan pada pasien pasca operasi BPK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat intervensi yang aman dan efektif dilakukan dalam rehabilitasi jantung fase I pada pasien yang menjalani operasi BPK. Studi literatur ini dibuat dengan melakukan analisis terhadap atikel-artikel ilmiah minimal penelitian retrospektif yang dipublikasi tahun 2008 sampai 2018 dan berbahasa Inggris. Data didapat dari database meliputi Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, dan Proquest dengan kata kunci cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization, education pre operative, dan physical exercise. Hasil studi literatur ini didapatkan 13 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil telaah ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan rehabilitasi jantung fase I pada pasien yang menjalani operasi BPK dimulai dari fase praoperasi dan dilanjutkan pasca operasi sampai pasien akan pulang. Intervensi rehabilitasi jantung fase I, baik pre maupun pasca operasi, terdiri dari edukasi dan konseling, latihan/ aktivitas fisik, latihan bernapas, latihan batuk efektif, inspiratory muscle training, fisioterapi dada, dan respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics. Oleh karena itu, hasil telaah literatur ini dapat menjadi dasar dalam menentukan standar prosedur operasional terhadap pelaksanaan rehabilitasi jantung fase I untuk rumah sakit yang menyediakan pelayanan operasi BPK. Kata Kunci: cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization. Abstract Cardiac rehabilitation phase I in patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting CABG surgery has a risk of post operative complication, which can cause prolonged length of stay and even mortality. The patient necessarily needs to do intervention cardiac rehabilitation phase I to help the recovery process after surgery and prevent post operative complications. The articles related to cardiac rehabilitation have been carried out. However, it is necessary to review research articles about the effective and safe intervention of cardiac rehabilitation phase I for patients undergoing CABG surgery. The aim of this study was to explore the effective and safe intervention of cardiac rehabilitation phase I. This literature review was conducted by analyzing articles including randomized control trial until retrospective design which published between 2008 to 2018 with English language articles. Data was searched through Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Proquest. The keyword was early ambulation, coronary artery bypass grafting, preoperative education, physical exercise, early mobilization, and cardiac rehabilitation phase I or inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The finding in this literature review was 13 articles corresponding with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result of this study found that the intervention in cardiac rehabilitation phase I in patient who undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery was started from preoperative and continued postoperative phases until the patient will leave the hospital. Interventions in cardiac rehabilitation phase I consisted of education and counseling, physical exercise/ activity, breathing exercises, effective cough exercises, inspiratory muscle training, chest physiotherapy, and respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics. Therefore, the result of this literature review can be the basis to determine standard operational procedure for the implementation of the cardiac rehabilitation phase I for the hospitals that provide CABG surgery. Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation phase I, coronary artery bypass grafting, early ambulation, early mobilization
Murabahah is a sale and purchase between sharia financial institutions and members of a certain item whose specifications have been stated where the institution mentions the cost price plus the agreed profit. This study uses a qualitative field research approach, using primary data sources through interviews and secondary data sources from the required data in the form of journals, books or other documentation. In addition, researchers also conducted direct observations at BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Sukodono Branch, Sragen. The results showed that the murabahah contract at BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Sukodono Branch Sragen was partly used for customer business capital. The point is that goods purchased from customers for additional business capital, in this case the murabahah contract can be used for business capital. However, because the contract is murabahah, there is no profit sharing but a mark-up and there is also no provision or agreement governing the loss/profit of the customer. There are several reasons why BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Sukodono Branch Sragen uses a Murabahah contract for business capital, including that the murabahah contract is easier to apply to the community and the BMT is not too bothered about it. Murabahah is easier for members to understand and many members do not understand and understand murabahah and musyarakah contracts. Minimizing risk, by using the BMT sale and purchase contract, it is free from the element of usury and BMT also does not have any fines or the like. In mudharabah or musyarakah financing, there are often cases of fraud and dishonesty of members in providing reports from their business results to BMT, where profits from business results carried out by members are minimized in their reports to BMT, so that BMT gets little profit.Keywords: Financing; Murabahah; Business Capital. AbstrakMurabahah adalah jual-beli antara lembaga keuangan syariah dengan anggota atas suatu barang tertentu yang sudah disebutkan spesifikasinya dimana lembaga menyebutkan harga pokok ditambah keuntungan yang telah disepakati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif lapangan, dengan menggunkan sumber data primer melalui wawancara dan sumber data sekunder dari data-data yang dibutuhkan berupa jurnal, buku atau maupun dokumentasi lainnya. Selain itu peneliti juga melakukan observasi secara langsung di BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Cabang Sukodono Sragen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad murabahah pada BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Cabang Sukodono Sragen sebagian digunakan untuk modal usaha nasabah. Maksudnya adalah barang yang dibeli dari nasabah untuk tambahan modal usaha, dalam hal ini akad murabahah bisa digunakan untuk modal usaha. Tetapi karena akadnya murabahah, maka tidak ada bagi hasil melainkan adanya mark-up dan juga tidak ada ketentuan atau kesepakatan yang mengatur tentang kerugian/keuntungan nasabah. Ada beberapa alasan BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Cabang Sukodono Sragen menggunakan akad Murabahah untuk modal usaha, diantaranya adalah akad murabahah lebih mudah diterapkan pada masyarakat dan pihak BMT juga tidak terlalu dipusingkan. Murabahah lebih mudah dipahami oleh anggota dan banyak anggota yang tidak mengerti serta paham tentang akad murabahah dan akad musyarakah. Meminimalisir resiko, dengan menggunakan akad jual beli BMT terbebas dari unsur riba dan BMT juga tidak ada denda atau sejenisnya. Dalam pembiayaan mudharabah ataupun musyarakah sering terjadi kasus kecurangan dan ketidakjujuran anggota dalam memberikan laporan dari hasil usahanya kepada BMT, dimana keuntungan dari hasil usaha yang dilakukan oleh anggota diminimalkan dalam laporannya kepada BMT, sehingga BMT mendapatkan keuntungan yang sedikit.Kata kunci: Pembiayaan; Murabahah; Modal Usaha.
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