IntroductionThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in children with celiac disease (CD) and its relationship with clinical, histopathological, and laboratory parameters.Material and methodsTwo hundred and fifty-six patients with serologically and histopathologically diagnosed CD at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Turkey, from January 2012 to March 2017, were included in the study, as well as 1012 patients with dyspeptic complaints. Biopsies of the duodenum and antrum were taken; the existence of HP and the histological level of damage were studied. HP (+) and HP (–) cases were compared according to age, sex, noted complaints, and clinical and laboratory features.ResultsSeventy (27.4%) CD patients and 270 (26.7%) patients with dyspeptic complaints were HP (+). The diagnostic age was higher in HP (+) cases, and diarrhea and abdominal distension were significantly higher. Although hemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, and transferrin saturation were lower in HP (+) cases, the differences were not statistically significant. The serum folate level in the HP (+) group was significantly lower compared to the HP (–) group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HP was not increased in cases of CD. The CD was diagnosed later in HP (+) cases, distension and diarrhea complaints were more frequent, and folate deficiency was significant.

ÖzETKonjenital toksoplazmozis gebelikte geçirilen akut enfeksiyonun fetusa geçmesiyle oluşan ve nadir görülen bir enfeksiyondur. Hastalık, yenidoğanlarda serolojik olarak saptanan hafif formdan, koryoretinit, menenjit, hidrosefali ve intrakraniyal kalsifikasyonlar gösteren ağır forma kadar geniş bir spektrum içinde kendini gösterebilir. Gebeliğin erken dönem-lerinde enfeksiyonun bebeğe geçme riski düşükken, enfeksiyonun ağırlığı ve sekelleri daha ciddidir. Enfeksiyonun tanısı parazitin kendisinin, DNA parçalarının veya parazitin yüzey antijenlerine karşı oluşmuş antikorların gösterilmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Makalede erken dönem gebelik takipleri düzenli olmayan iki konjenital toksoplazmozis olgusu sunulmaktadır. İlk olgunun ailesi Suriye'den savaş nedeniyle göç etmiş ve göç sonrası yaşam koşullarının zor olması nedeniyle gebelik takipleri düzenli yapılmamıştı. İkinci olguda da annenin 4. gebeliği olmasına rağmen gebelik takiplerinin düzenli yapılmadığı dikkati çekti.Sonuç olarak konjenital toksoplazmozis sinsi ve fatal seyirli bir hastalıktır. Gebelikte ya da erken dönemde tedaviye başlanması prognozu olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Hastalığın erken tanısını için gebelik takiplerinin düzenli yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu konuda gerek mülteciler gerekse yerli halkın yeterli düzeyde bilinçlendirilmesi ve yetkili birimlerin gerekli önlemleri alması gerektiğine ayrıca dikkat çekmek istedik. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bebek, Doğumsal, Toksoplazmozis, Yenidoğan ABSTRAcTCongenital toxoplasmosis is a rare intrauterine infection caused by acute infection of the mother during pregnancy. Congenital toxoplasmosis can present in a spectrum from a mild form to a severe form including chorioretinitis, meningitis, hydrocephaly and intracranial calcification. Although possibility of passage to the fetus is low in early pregnancy, the severity and sequela risk are high. Diagnosis depends on the demonstration of the parasites itself, its DNA extracts, or antibodies against the surface antigens of the parasites. Here we present two cases of congenital toxoplasmosis that did not have antenatal follow-up. The family of the first case arrived from Syria due to war and the mother did not receive any antenatal care because of poor living conditions after the forced migration. The second case was the fourth pregnancy of the mother who did not have any antenatal care.Finally, congenital toxoplasmosis is an insidious and fatal disease. Early treatment during pregnancy or the postnatal period has positive effects on the prognosis. Antenatal care is important in the diagnosis. We would like to underline the importance of informing both refugees and natives about antenatal care and the necessity of taking preventive measures for refugees by the authorities.

The usage of drugs during pregnancy affect the fetus and the newborn. In this report, we present findings from a newborn baby, whose mother was epileptic, and was under the treatment of valproic acid and carbamazepine during pregnancy. We have found symptoms of withdrawal syndrome, hyponatremia and feeding problem, which was most probably related to exposure to the mentioned drugs. We have also diagnosed hypomagnesaemia and atrial septal defect 4 milimeters in diameter. There are already many reports about the side effects of valproic acid and carbamazepine usage during pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge, hypomagnesaemia has not yet been reported as a side effect. We think that hypomagnesaemia is also related to the usage of antiepileptics. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 114-6)