Various dermatological disorders and microbial skin infection can cause hyperpigmentation. Therefore, screenings for whitening and antimicrobial agents from Thai medicinal plants have been of research interest. Seventy-seven ethanol plant extracts were investigated for antityrosinase activity, eleven samples showed the tyrosinase inhibition more than 50 % were further preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. (Moraceae) root extract, which showed the potential of tyrosinase inhibition with 90.57 ± 2.93 % and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes and Trichophyton mentagophytes with inhibition zone as 9.10 ± 0.00, 10.67 ± 0.09, 15.25 ± 0.05 and 6.60 ± 0.17 mm, respectively was selected for phytochemical investigation. Three pure compounds were isolated as artocarpin, cudraflavone C and artocarpanone. And artocarpanone exhibited anti-tyrosinase effect; artocarpin and cudraflavone C also showed the potential of antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes with MIC at 2, 4 and 2 μg/ml, respectively and MBC at 32 μg/ml for these bacteria. So, these pure compounds are interesting for further study in order to provide possibilities of new whitening and antibacterial development. This will be the first report of phytochemical investigation of A. integer root.
Honey of stingless bee has a higher moisture content than bees. Long-term storage may cause fermentation processes to change the physicochemical properties and taste. Thus, the aim of this research was evaluation of the optimum storage condition on the quality of stingless bee honey. Stingless bee honey (Tetragonular larviceps) was contained in plastic bottle and kept at ambient temperature (30-35°C) and low temperature (4-8°C) for 0-45 days. Before and after storage honey were analyzed the physicochemical properties and sensory investigation for comparison of quality. The results showed that temperatures and storage times have affected on the reducing sugar content, pH, conductivity, color, moisture content with significant difference (p<0.05). While, temperatures and storage times have unaffected on the °Brix value (p>0.05). Additionally, the physicochemical properties of honey were according with previously quality report. The sensory investigation indicated that the smell natural flavor, consistency, taste and sourness were not significant difference (p>0.05). In contrast, the color and overall preference were significant difference (p<0.05). For honey quality, Thus, the honey might keep at 4-35°C for ≤45 day of this study.
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to isolate and identify the phytochemical constituents of <em>Garcinia schomburgkiana</em> branches and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the compounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chromatographic and spectroscopic (UV, IR, NMR and MS) techniques were used for the isolation and elucidation of the compounds, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds was examined through DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The (<strong>-</strong>)-5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone (1), which was firstly found in the <em>Garcinia</em> species, together with kaempferol (2), (-)-dihydrokaempferol (3), euxanthone (4), gentisein (5) and norathyriol (6) were isolated from <em>G. schomburgkiana</em>. Among the isolated compounds, compound 1 and 6 exhibited the highest potential for anti-radical activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compound 1<strong> </strong>could be used as the chemotaxonomic marker of <em>G. schomburgkiana</em>. The branches of <em>G. schomburgkiana</em> could be the alternative source of the antioxidants. The possible inhibitory mechanisms were proposed through the action of electron transfer, chelation, and nitrosylation.</p><p> </p>
This study was conducted to determine the phytochemical contents and radical scavenging activities of twelve Garcinia schomburgkiana extracts from the leaves, roots, twigs and branches. Among all extracts, the root (RA) and branch (BA) acetone extract revealed high phenolic (427.83±4.84 and 390.15±7.89 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoid (626.32±59.97 and 414.49±15.99 mg QE/g extract) and xanthone (625.80±3.78 and 615.07±9.97 mg AME/g extract) contents and possessed greater antioxidant capacities and radical scavenging activities than the standard vitamin C and Trolox. Our results reveal that G. schomburgkiana were potential natural sources of antioxidant with high amount of phenolics, flavonoids xanthones and beneficial fatty acid derivatives.
The aim of this research is to study the synergistic effect on the nitric oxide scavenging activity of mangosteen pericarp and the stingless bee (Tetragonula laviceps) propolis extracts and their phytochemical constituents. The propolis and mangosteen pericarp were extracted by reflux method with ethanol. TPC and TFC of propolis extract were 123.73±2.80 mg GAE/g extract and 70.65±11.21 mg QE/g extract, respectively, and mangosteen pericarp extract was 387.93±15.10 mg GAE/g extract and 87.00±5.06 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The ESI-LC-MS data displayed that both extracts have a variety of phytochemical constituents, such as xanthones, flavonoids, and miscellaneous. The synergistic effect of Nitric oxide scavenging activities of propolis and mangosteen pericarp extracts showed higher activity than individual extracts with various concentrations. Thus, the synergistic effect of propolis and mangosteen pericarp extracts may be an alternative source of inflammatory drug development in the future.
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