This study aims to determine the effect of managerial initiatives on the adoption of traceability systems on food cold chain performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Managerial initiatives are allegedly needed to improve the company's performance because it improves the traceability system in the supply chain. In addition, the effect of the traceability system adoption on the Indonesian food cold-chain performance during the Covid-19 pandemic is also discussed in this study. This study uses a quantitative approach and purposive sampling with a questionnaire research instrument obtained 250 statements of Indonesian consumers and retail employees. Partial least squares for structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze latent variables' relationships. This study indicates that the traceability system has a significant effect on the performance of the food cold-chain during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the adoption of electronic data exchange (EDI), radio frequency identification (RFID), and blockchain significantly impacted traceability systems during the Covid-19 pandemic. The managerial application of the initiative showed a positive and significant impact on the performance of the food cold-chain during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the managerial initiative is not able to moderate the adoption of the traceability system.

This investigation was carried out on the adoption of the e-money payment model with the application of a quantitative and qualitative approach (mixed methods). Online questionnaires, which included closed-ended questions on a Likert five-point scale and open-ended questions, were distributed through social media chat groups. Respondent samples were drawn from the population of adolescent customers in Indonesia. The collected questionnaires were verified for accuracy, reliability, and validity before the data were analyzed. Adequate data were used to test the relationship model between latent variables, and the relationship of latent variables in the model was tested using partial least squares by employing Smart-PLS 3.0 software and NVIVO 12 plus. The final analysis shows that the reasons for adopting e-money are practicality and convenience. The main reasons that customers adopt electronic money are its practicality, ease of use, efficient transaction time, faster payment, and the simplicity of the payment process. The final modeling formed good-fit inner and outer models. This model verifies the significant influence of social factors, effort expectancy, and facilitation conditions on e-money attitudes. Additionally, social factors, effort expectancy, and attitudes have a significant influence on e-money behavior.

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