Abstract. The authors consider a relevant problem of preservation and improvement of the ecological situation in large and medium industrial cities. Recently the cities suffer because of the increasing pollution. While motor transport is being transferred to the electric power, expand application of renewable types of energy, the industrial enterprises present a great danger. Even though the enterprises throw out many substances to the environment, it would be wrong to estimate them only as a negative phenomenon. They work for people and for the economy of the state. Three integrated options, describing the most typical situations, in which there are production objects during functioning and development, are considered in the article. The most often found schemes of planning of the production territories, relating to industries, which are historically placed in the cities, are analysed. The mechanism of distribution of pollution in these territories is considered. The generalized measures for each option of reconstruction transformations are offered.
The transition to “Industry 4.0” or the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is a difficult step, within which automated technologies are being introduced into all areas of production industries. The aim of this introduction is to provide the exchange of data between devices, databases and systems of varying difficulty level without human intervention. This transition is also a transition to formalization and standardization, and therefore requires the use of new formats of regulatory and regulatory-technical, organizational-technical documents. It becomes obvious that these formats should be not only human-readable, but also machine-readable. They will allow documents to be systematically and effectively formed, applied and adjusted at all stages of the building's life cycle. The technical operation of buildings does not stand aside. Effective operational activity is impossible without effective management of its regulatory and technical documentation and regulatory requirements for operated buildings, their elements and systems. The same applies to improving the efficiency of all organizational, production, and technological processes of operation.
The study is devoted to establishing a reasonable relationship between the parameters of the material and spatial environment that forms a balanced eco-friendly space and educational environment, formed by the implemented educational process. The objects of the study are the buildings of educational institutions. The subject of the study is the conditions affecting the operating parameters of the main buildings. The aim of the study is to form a new type of complex conditions affecting the operational parameters of the buildings. The applied methodical approach is based on the establishment of relationships and conditions of influence between the parameters of the educational process, educational technologies used in the institution, the conditions of the internal environment of the premises, the parameters of the material and spatial environment of buildings and the educational infrastructure involved. The novelty of the study lies in the justification of the proposal to introduce a new integrated system of engineering parameters – educational and technical conditions. The study uses an adapted mathematical apparatus which allows evaluating the effectiveness of implementation of educational and technical conditions. The approach used in the study involves understanding the environmental friendliness and safety factors of the educational environment as one of the resulting conditions for the implementation of the educational process.
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