Culture plays an important role in implementing sustainability principles and approaching sustainable development goals across different countries. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between the value created by culture and the implementation of sustainable development goals of countries. The majority of attention in this research is devoted to composing and calculating the integrated cultural value index, which provides clear linkages between value created by culture and sustainable development goals. An expert survey was conducted, during which experts had to assess indicators by ranking them according to importance. There have been 14 indicators included in total to calculate the integrated cultural value index. The values created by culture in the selected Baltic States have been determined by calculating the weight coefficient of each indicator and providing a composite cultural value index. Statistical data analysis unquestionably confirms that cultural input when implementing sustainable development goals is significant, because there exists a very strong positive relationship between the cultural value index and achieved sustainable development goals in all three case studies.
Every day women face obstacles which do not allow them to reveal their possibilities in payable workplaces. There exists a preconception and women's discrimination that defines and activities different and most frequently narrower possibilities for their existence related to their participation in labour market. Women are most often valued not according to their personal abilities, but following the settled stereotypes that they possess poorer abilities and they are not able to perform work that requires responsibility or that women are less creative, etc. In the scientific literature, stereotypes of gender roles are defined as a cultural and social approach towards the very thing that is traditionally considered being 'masculine' and 'feminine' roles and functions. It is stated in the article that the stereotypes, formed in the society might influence women's and men's work choice as well as create the labour market that is divided under genders, and 'what is more the stability' of woman's social status iniquity necessarily fosters addressing to the culture as one of the most significant reasons, those restrict the confirmation of woman's and man's equality in the society. The purpose of the article is to review the gender stereotypes and their impact on women and men in the labour market. Women experience pressure due to the necessity of their social and economic status; women's career development is more complicated and problematic than men's. The analysis of statistic data, performed in the article revealed that the formed level of women's employment is lower than men's. There is noticed powerful segregation of labour market and undervaluation of women's work. Men and women are spread in different professional groups, and there are delegated less responsible and lower qualification works for women. Thus in order to perform the implementation of gender equality in labour market, it is needed to change traditional gender roles, despite the fact that their change or elimination is always related to the change of collective beliefs and that is a result of collective actions determining qualitative changes of the entire social life.
One of the most difficult problems encountered by social infrastructure development management in various countries of economic development is the search for RSI management interactions at the national, regional and local (municipal, neighborhood) levels. Traditional solutions to RSI development do not create opportunities for the coherence, viability and resilience of rural development. This article describes integrative management of rural social infrastructure (RSI), provides the analysis of RSI management processes and explanation of "triple bottom line", determination of main principles required in order to achieve sustained development of the region. The main research objective, namely, creation of an integrative rural social infrastructure management model reached. The integrative RSI management conception based on four-tier governance cycle "plan-do-check-act" and internal governance functions. The functions RSI management are determination of consumer demand for RSI services and strategic development goals; planning of RSI services, means and results; organization of RSI services supply; horizontal and vertical coordination of RSI activities; assessment of RSI services consumers' opinion and community sustainability; supervision and evaluation of RSI activities. The main research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, logical and systematical reasoning, graphic presentation of comparison, abstracts and other methods.Keywords: social infrastructure development, integrative management of rural social infrastructure.
High unemployment rate is one of the most pressing social and economic problems which are preventing residents make good use of the economic benefits. Although one of the main purposes of the European Union and Lithuania – to increase employment, statistical data show that the unemployment rate remains relatively high and in different regions of Lithuania is not the same. The aim of the work - analyse changes the level of unemployment in the regions of Lithuania and to determine a link between the level of unemployment and to economic indicators. The methodics of research: assessment of the territorial unemployment rate differentiation consists of three phases: 1) identify the territorial differentiation of unemployment and the reasons identified in the employment and labor market policies to reduce unemployment; 2) examined the unemployment trend in Lithuania; 3) set the relationship between the level of unemployment and selected economic indicators. For reserach was used the secondary data of Lithuanian Department of Statistics. The period of research 2009–2014 year. The results of research showed that unemployment rate in the analyzed period changed mostly in counties of Klaipeda, Telsiai and Panevezys. The unemployment rate in the four counties – Panevezys, Siauliai, Telsiai and Utena was higher than our overall national average. We have analyzed the relationship between unemployment and foreign direct investment per capita, material investments per capita, Lithuanian goods exports per capita. It confirmed that chosen economic indicators had a significant impact on the unemployment rate only in some counties during the analyzed period.
Social infrastructure is largely related to various services for community, facilities and public spaces, relationships and networks among local community members. It is therefore obvious that social infrastructure could be viewed as an important factor for creating better opportunities for integration and participation in society, fostering functional capabilities of a community, acknowledging human rights, improving judgements related to overall life satisfaction. The links between social infrastructure services and focus on local community wellbeing in Lithuanian’s social science discourse has not been substantiated sufficiently yet. Consequently, this article aims at disclosing the importance of social infrastructure services in promotion of local community wellbeing. The research question of this article is formulated as follows: how social infrastructure services contribute and could promote wellbeing of local community. The methodological background is based on both theoretical and empirical findings pertaining to the topic. The research results have suggested that the need of local community for social infrastructure services should be evaluated more carefully in the context of wellbeing. These services have been found to play significant role in reaching a certain level of wellbeing in view of the place where people live, how they feel and how to evaluate the future of their living.
The success of rural community vitality and development is based on communication, participation and collaboration among different generations. Theoretical and empirical findings disclose that there is a lack of systematic approach characterising different generations (in this article young and elderly social groups) participation in local activities, not much attention is given to activities which join young and elderly groups whether to maintain young people in rural area or actively include elderly to common activities. Accordingly this article aims to explore participation forms and methods of different generations (youth and elderly) participation in rural community activities. The methodological background of this research is based on theoretical research methods, statistical data analysis and analysis of case of different generations’ participation in Šiauliai district municipality rural community activities. The research results disclose that different generations participation in rural community activities are various, but depends on rural areas and rural community‘s specific features. The suggested scheme based on evaluation of different generations’ participation in rural community activities can be adopted to any rural area and rural community, but being aware about the current situation of youth and elderly, also activities which are possible to be implemented in particular rural community.
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