The health benefits of unsaturated fatty acids and palm oil phytonutrients have prompted various studies on red palm oil (RPO). This study aims to produce RPO that contains high oleic and low palmitic acid compositions. Dry fractional crystallisation was carried out on RPO at temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C for 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. High-Oleic Low-Palmitic Red Palm Super Olein (HOLP-RPSO) was successfully obtained from dry fractional crystallisation at T c 15 °C for 24 h with a composition of oleic acid >47%, a palmitic acid of <37% and an iodine value of 63.58. Triacylglycerol analysis of HOLP-RPSO revealed a reduction of dipalmitoyl oleoyl glycerol (POP), while palmitoyl dioleoyl glycerol (POO) content improved through crystallisation. The obtained HOLP-RPSO also contained more carotene, vitamin E and squalene than the raw material. In addition, modification of the filtration method improved the quality of the crystallisation products through the increase of the iodine value and improving the fatty acid profile.
Caulerpa lentillifera belong to Caulerpa genus which is commonly found in tropical and subtropical water. The biggest constituent of seaweed is polysaccharide that has some biological activities as a potential medicine. Therefore, this research aimed to extract and evaluate the antioxidant activity from Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide. The extraction was carried out by using water extraction. First, the sample was added with ethanol and soaked overnight at room temperature. On the following day, the sample was added with aquades and put in a water bath at 75°C for three hours. After that, ethanol was added to precipitate the extract. The crude polysaccharide extract percent yield obtained 4.16 %. The crude extract purified by using a column with DEAE-Sepharose with percent yield obtained 14.8 %. Both crude and pure extracts were characterized by analyzing the total carbohydrate and sulfate by using spectrophotometer, functional group by using FT-IR spectroscopy and sugar component by using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by using the FRAP method for both crude and pure extract. Moreover, the polysaccharide crude extract gives higher antioxidant activity than the purified extract.
Caulerpa lentillifera is a type of green seaweed that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of the sulfated polysaccharides from C. lentillifera and evaluate its antidiabetic activity. In the initial process of this study, samples were macerated with ethanol (1:10). Then, the maceration residue was extracted with an accumulator at 75 °C for three hours. The crude extract yield was 4.16% based on weight seaweed. Ion chromatography purification with DEAE-Sepharose resin provided a yield of 14.8% of crude extract. The monomer analysis of C. lentillifera from the crude extract and purified extract revealed that galactose monomers were dominant and glucose was a minor component. The total carbohydrate and sulfate contents of purified C. lentillifera were higher than those of crude C. lentillifera. Bioactivity tests revealed that purified polysaccharides had higher antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase enzyme than crude ones with IC50 values of 134.81± 2.0 µg/mL. Purified sulfated polysaccharides of C. lentillifera could potentially be used as an antidiabetic medication.
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