The brown seaweed Sargassumsp. is well known as a source of fucoidan. Brown seaweeds found in Indonesia seas are dominated by Sargassum sp.The objectives of this research was to purify and characterize fucoidan from S. binderi Sonder. The fresh raw material was defatted by macerated in methanol:chloroform:water (4:2:1), filtered, rinsed with acetone and then air-dried in room temperature. The defatted dried seaweed was extracted with 0.01M HCl pH 4 at room temperature. Purification has been conducted using anion exchanger. The quality of fucoidan sample was determined for total sugar, functional group using FTIR, monomer content, total ash, and total sulfate in the ester form. The result shows that pure fucoidan contains fucose as the primary sugar component, and otherminor sugars (galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose). Chemical composition of crude fucoidan consisted of 74.25% fucose; 0.28% uronate acid; 10.29% sulfate and 5.5% protein. Purification using DEAE Sephadex A-25 gave 4 fraction pools yielding total sugar (%) of F1 (17.59); F2 (18.92); F3 (13.72); F4 (49.76), respectively. The components that build the fucoidan of S. binderi Sonder were estimated derived to be from fucoidan oligomers including (1,4)-L-FucS-Gal and D-(1,4)-Gal-GalS.

Fucoidan used as immunostimulant is commonly in the crude form. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan in both crude and purified forms in their immunostimulatory activity. In addition, we studied the effect of low-and high-molecular weight fucoidan as hydrolysis products toward immunostimulatory activity. Four kinds of fucoidan were assayed for immunostimulant activity on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The parameters observed in the assay includes the mortality number, haemocyte, gene-related immunity (phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and transglutaminase) in the shrimps infected with viral WSSV. The assay results showed that pure fucoidan exhibited higher activity compared with that of crude fucoidan. Sulfate and carbohydrate content of HMW fucoidan are 7.8 % and 82.54 % with an estimated molecular weight of 8.28 x10 4 Dalton, and low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan has 1.2% and 65.23% with an estimated molecular weight of 7.53 x10 4 Dalton. The transcriptional level of the immunity-related genes was found higher after feeding the infected shrimps with purified and HMW fucoidan. In particular, all of fucoidan forms increased the phenoloxidase gene transcription, suggesting that fucoidan have significant role in the production of phenoloxidase.

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Fukoidan merupakan polisakarida sulfat yang mengandung L-fukosa dan sulfat. Fukoidan diperoleh dari hasil ekstraksi rumput laut coklat Sargassum crassifolium yang berasal dari Binuangeun, Banten. Fukoidan diekstrak dari rumput laut kering menggunakan HCl 0,1N dan diendapkan dengan menggunakan CaCl2 selanjutnya dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom mengunakan resin Sephadex A-25 dan diperoleh rendemen 0,87%. Karakterisasi fukoidan dilakukan melalui uji penentuan berat molekul, kandungan sulf at, penentuan monosakarida penyusun fukoidan, dan uji aktivitas antikoagulan. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa fukoidan memiliki berat molekul 7,71 x 104 Dalton, kadar sulfat tertinggi sebesar 8,55 ppm, monosakarida penyusun berupa fukosa dan galaktosa dengan rasio mol 1,0 : 1,5. H asil uji bioaktivitas sebagai antikoagulan pada plasma darah manusia secara in vitro dilihat dari perpanjangan nilai APTT menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kontrol dengan darah yang mengandung fukoidan pada konsentras i 100 µg/mL (berbeda 25 detik). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa fukoidan berpotensi sebagai antikoagulan.

Key words: fucoidan, brown seaweed, bioactivity, L-fucose ABSTRAK Fukoidan adalah senyawa polisakarida yang secara substansional terdiri atas L-fukosa dan golongan ester sulfat, terutama terdapat pada rumput laut coklat. Dalam jangka waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir, bioaktivitas dari fukoidan telah banyak diteliti. Bahkan belakangan ini telah diteliti aplikasi fukoidan untuk obat. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, struktur fukoidan telah berhasil diidentifikasi dan bioaktivitasnya berhasil diketahui. Fukoidan mempunyai banyak bioaktifitas antara lain sebagai antikoagulan, antioksidan, antikomplementari, anti pembengkakan, pelindung lambung, dan pengatur kadar lipid darah. Review ini memberikan ringkasan beberapa kemajuan penelitian isolasi dan bioaktivitas fukoidan dari beberapa jenis rumput laut coklat penghasil fukoidan.

Fucoidan is a polysaccharide compounds containing sulfate group. Fucoidan is found in brown seaweed. In this study, we assess fucoidan activity extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium origin from Binuangeun, Banten. Fucoidan extract was tested in mice in vivo. Observations were carried out during 16 days the control (without fucoidan) and fucoidan treatment. Fucoidan were given in various concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400 ppm. On the 14th day, aspirin was given to mice with pre-treated fucoidan 400 ppm as gastric ulcer induction. The fucoidan extracts compositions showed: water content 3.11%, uronic acid 556 ppm, 0.12 ppm sulfate and 1648 ppm total carbohydrate. Results from histopathology assay in mice tissue stomach showed that 100 ppm of fucoidan can inhibit gastric ulcers caused by 400 ppm aspirin irritation. Fucoidan was associated with an increase in the mucus layer in the gastric mucosa.

ABSTRAKFukoidan merupakan jenis heteropolisakarida yang terdiri dari fukosa dan gugus ester sulfat sebagai penyusun utamanya. Salah satu sumber fukoidan adalah rumput laut cokelat. Telah dilakukan isolasi fukoidan dari rumput laut cokelat Sargassum crassifolium yang diperoleh dari Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hidrolisis fukoidan terhadap aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan. Ekstraksi fukoidan menggunakan HCl 0,1 N. Selanjutnya proses optimasi hidrolisis fukoidan menggunakan TFA 1,5 M dengan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit pada suhu 121 o C. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik gugus fungsi crude fukoidan dan fukoidan hasil hidrolisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi fukoidan yang meliputi uji total polisakarida dan uji kadar sulfat. Uji antioksidan fukoidan dilakukan dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH). Diperoleh rendemen fukoidan sebesar 23,82% dari berat rumput laut kering, total polisakarida dari crude fukoidan sebesar 50,69% dan kadar sulfatnya sebesar 19,44%. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh waktu optimum hidrolisis fukoidan yaitu selama 90 menit dengan total polisakarida dan kandungan sulfatnya masing-masing 43,56% dan 13,09%. Diperoleh nilai IC 50 crude fucoidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan semua hasil hidrolisis fukoidan. KATA KUNCI: rumput laut cokelat, fukoidan, hidrolisis, konsentrasi penghambatan, aktivitas antioksidan ABSTRACTFucoidan is a heteropolysaccharide type consisting of a fucose and a sulfated ester group as its main constituent. One source of fucoidan is brown seaweed. Fucoidan extraction from brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium obtained from South Lampung was carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of fucoidan hydrolysis on its activity as an antioxidant. Fucoidan was extracted using 0.1 N HCl and hydrolized using 1.5 M TFA for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes at 121 o C.The characteristics of the functional groups from crude fucoidan and the hydrolyzed fucoidan were carried out using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). Furthermore, fucoidan was characterized by analyzing of total polysaccharide and sulfate contents. The fucoidan antioxidant test was carried out by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method. The result showed that the yield of fucoidan was 23.82% per dry weight with the total polysaccharide and sulfate content from crude fucoidan was 50.69 and 19.44%, respectively. The optimum time for fucoidan hydrolysis was 90 minutes with the total polysaccharide and sulfate content of 43.56% and 13.09%, respectively. The IC 50 value of crude fucoidan was higher than that of hydrolyzed fucoidans.

Cara sitasi: Sinurat E, Marliani R. 2017. Karakteristik Na-alginat dari rumput laut cokelat Sargassum crassifolium dengan perbedaan alat penyaring. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 351-361. AbstrakIndonesia merupakan negara penghasil rumput laut terbesar di dunia, salah satu sumber daya hayati laut yang cukup potensial adalah rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum crassifolium) yang dikenal sebagai penghasil alginat. Ekstraksi alginat melalui tahap demineralisasi, netralisasi, ekstraksi, filtrasi, presipitasi dan pemucatan. Tahap filtrasi merupakan proses yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap mutu alginat yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini melakukan penyaringan menggunakan alat yang berbeda yaitu screen vibrator dan hydrolic filter press yang bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik Na-alginat rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dengan kedua alat penyaring tersebut. Parameter mutu Na-alginat yang diamati meliputi: rendemen, viskositas, kekuatan gel, sineresis, derajat putih, kadar air, kadar abu dan pH. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi dihasilkan pada alat penyaring vibrator yaitu 19,22±5,68%. Viskositas tertinggi dihasilkan pada alat penyaring filter press yaitu 82,66±112,46 cP, sedangkan parameter derajat putih dan kekuatan gel tertinggi dihasilkan alat penyaring filter press yaitu 60,53±9,09% dan 353,54±184,51 g/cm 2 . Sineresis dan pH terendah dihasilkan alat penyaring filter press yaitu masing-masing 2,99±0,55% dan 6,05±0,57. Kadar abu terendah dihasilkan alat penyaring vibrator yaitu 24,94±4,41%. Filter press lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menyaring filtrat sehingga hasil akhir Na-alginat lebih baik dari alat penyaring vibrator.Kata kunci: filter press, natrium alginat, S. crassifolium, vibrator The Characteristics of Sodium Alginate from Brown Seaweed Sargassum crassifolium with Different Filtering ToolsAbstract Indonesia is the largest producer of seaweed in the world, one of the potential marine biological resources is the brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) known as an alginate producer. Alginate extraction through demineralization stage, neutralization, extraction, filtration, precipitation and bleaching. Filtration stage is a very influential process on the quality of alginate produced. In this research, filtering using different tools screen vibrator and hydraulic filter press was conducted to characterize Na-alginate seaweed Sargassum crassifolium using both filter tools. Quality of sodium alginate (yield, viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, whiteness, moisture content, ash, and pH) was determined. The result showed that the viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, and whiteness of alginate obtained using filter press showed the best result. The yield of sodium alginate produced by filter press was 10.91±4.33%, with characteristics of viscosity 82.66±112.46 cP, gel strength 353.54±184.51 g/cm2, syneresis 2.99±0.55%, whiteness 60.53±9.09%, moisture content 13.31±0.77%, ash 26.69±0.82% and pH 6.05±0.57. Based on a parameter of alginate (yield, moisture content, ash, and pH) showed...