pCT is a useful technology that can be helpful in overcoming the limitations of routine MDCT in diagnosing PDAC and characterization of isoattenuating lesions.

The current study showed no significant difference in the shear-wave velocity of kidneys in children with type 1 diabetes with normoalbuminuria compared with the healthy control subjects. We also observed that the shear-wave velocity of the pancreas in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects did not differ significantly.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. However, there is not much known about the morphological changes in the STN. The red nucleus (RN) has many connections with the motor coordinating pathways although it is not primarily involved in the pathogenesis. In this study we aimed to compare the volumes of the STN and RN measured by magnetic resonance imaging in PD patients and controls to investigate how these structures are affected at the morphological level. Twenty patients with PD and twenty age/sex matched controls were enrolled in this study. Severity score was determined by Hoehn & Yahr staging: 6 at stage II and 14 at stage III in med-off state. Imaging was performed by a 1.5 Tesla (T) MR scanner. Measurements of total brain and normalized STN and RN volumes were performed by manual planimetry using Image J software. No statistically significant differences were observed between two groups based on age or gender and disease stage and nuclei volumes. The total estimated brain volumes were not different between PD patients and controls. However, normalized volumes of the STN and RN were 14% and 16% larger, respectively, in PD patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the volumes of the STN and RN are increased in patients with PD. These changes possibly reflect the altered metabolic activity of these regions demonstrated by neurophysiological studies.

The use of low energy levels on rsDECT and iodine maps improves tumor conspicuity. This situation may be help better detection of pancreatic tumors.

A dult renal tumors have been classified into various types by the World Health Organization (1). Among them, renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originate from intercalated cells in the collecting duct and share some morphologic, histologic, electron microscopy findings, and immunohistochemical characteristics (2, 3). Although they have common pathologic features, renal oncocytomas are benign, whereas chromophobe RCCs are malignant. Chromophobe RCC constitutes approximately 6%-8% of all renal tumors and approximately 4%-10% of all cases of RCC (4, 5). Oncocytoma is the second most frequent benign renal parenchymal tumor, accounting for 3%-7% of all renal lesions (6).So far preoperative differentiation between oncocytomas and chromophobe RCCs could not be done accurately using imaging methods, and both tumor types have been treated surgically. Avoidance of surgery, or application of a nephron-sparing approach for benign lesions, has been an important topic for imaging studies in recent years. Some of these studies have involved computed tomography (7-13), and others magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (12,13).In this study, we investigated the MRI features of renal tumors, namely T2 signal intensities, T2 signal intensity ratios, enhancement patterns, and enhancement ratios that might allow differentiation of oncocytoma from chromophobe RCC. PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including signal intensities, enhancement patterns and T2 signal intensity ratios to differentiate oncocytoma from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODSThis retrospective study included 17 patients with oncocytoma and 33 patients with chromophobe RCC who underwent dynamic MRI. Two radiologists independently reviewed images blinded to pathology. Morphologic characteristics, T1 and T2 signal intensities were reviewed. T2 signal intensities, wash-in, wash-out values, T2 signal intensity ratios were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed. RESULTSMean ages of patients with oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC were 61.0±11.6 and 58.5±14.0 years, respectively. Mean tumor size was 60.6±47.3 mm for oncocytoma, 61.7±45.9 mm for chromophobe RCC. Qualitative imaging findings in conventional MRI have no distinctive feature in discrimination of two tumors. Regarding signal intensity ratios, oncocytomas were higher than chromophobe RCCs. Renal oncocytomas showed higher signal intensity ratios and wash-in values than chromophobe RCCs in all phases. Fast spin-echo T2 signal intensities were higher in oncocytomas than chromophobe RCCs. CONCLUSIONSignal intensity ratios, fast spin-echo T2 signal intensities and wash-in values constitute diagnostic parameters for discriminating between oncoytomas and chromophobes. In the excretory phase of dynamic enhanced images, oncocytomas have higher signal intensity ratio than chromophobe RCC and high wash-in values strongly imply a diagnosis of renal oncocytoma.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is usually a reversible clinical and radiological entity associated with typical features on brain MR or CT imaging. However, the not-so-uncommon atypical radiological presentations of the condition are also present and they may go unrecognised as they are confused with other conditions. Here, we report a very rare case of atypical, unilateral PRES in a 49-year-old uremic, post-transplant female patient who presented with seizures. Initial MRI showed high-grade occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and lesions suggestive of subacute infarction in the ipsilateral frontotemporoparietal lobe. Patient symptoms had resolved a day after the onset without any specific treatment but early follow-up CT findings suggested hemorrhagic transformation. Follow-up MRI performed 2 years later showed complete disappearence of the lesions and persisting MCA occlusion.

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and portomesenteric venous gas (PVG) refers to the presence of air within the intestinal wall and portomesenteric vessels. Most of the time, it is associated with mesenteric ischemia that requires immediate surgical intervention as it has high mortality rate. It may also be seen secondary to various conditions, including infections, surgeries, and some chemotherapeutic drugs. A 61-year old-male was admitted to our emergency department complaining of abdominal pain after chemotherapy. Radiological evaluation of the patient demonstrated massive PVG and PI. Patient underwent urgent surgery due to the possibility of intestinal ischemia and infarction, but no necrosis was identified Chemotherapeutic drug-induced PI and PVG was the final diagnosis. Although PI and PVG are signs of mesenteric ischemia and intestinal necrosis most the of time, chemotherapeutic drugs may also cause PI and PVG rarely. Recent history of chemotheraphy and absence of any mesenteric vascular occlusion may be the diagnostic clue.

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are defined as variants of normal epicardial coronary arteries. They are mostly detected incidentally during coronary angiography. Clinical studies have shown that abnormal origins and courses of coronary arteries make them more prone to atherosclerosis. Percutaneous treatment for atherosclerotic occlusions in anomalous coronary arteries has some difficulties, including inadequate guiding-catheter support and the need for an experienced operator. Here, we describe successful percutaneous coronary interventions for critical stenoses in 2 different CAAs and present a brief literature review.