Tracheal diverticulum (DV) is a type of paratracheal air cyst (PTAC) that is often asymptomatic and usually detected incidentally by imaging methods. Tracheal DV are divided into two subgroups: congenital and acquired. Dysphagia, odynophagia, neck pain, hoarseness, hemoptysis, choking, and recurrent episodes of hiccups and burping can also be seen in symptomatic patients. Thin-section multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is useful for diagnosis of tracheal diverticulum. The relationship between DV and tracheal lumen can be demonstrated by axial, coronal, and sagittal reformat multiplanar images. Bronchoscopy can also be used in diagnosis for tracheal DV. However, the connection between DV and tracheal lumen can not be shown easily with bronchoscopy. Conservative treatment is the preferred treatment in asymptomatic patients. Surgical or conservative treatment can be performed for symptomatic patients, depending on patient age and physical condition.
Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography showed a significant difference in the stiffness of the thyroid gland between children with Hashimoto thyroiditis and the healthy group. Using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography immediately after a standard ultrasound evaluation may predict chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
The current study showed no significant difference in the shear-wave velocity of kidneys in children with type 1 diabetes with normoalbuminuria compared with the healthy control subjects. We also observed that the shear-wave velocity of the pancreas in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects did not differ significantly.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of cystic fibrosis (CF) on pancreas and liver elasticity in young children using point shear wave elastography and to determine the relationship with clinical findings.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with genetically proven CF, who were admitted to our pediatric gastroenterology clinic, and 22 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver and pancreas were measured with point shear wave elastography.ResultsThe 22 patients with CF included 45.5% girls with a mean age ± SD of 35 ± 35.8 months (range, 5–123 months). The 22 healthy control participants included 41.2% girls with a mean age of 58.9 ± 44.4 months (range, 2–159 months). The mean SWV of the pancreas in the patients with CF (1.06 ± 0.26 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (0.85 ± 0.23 m/s; P = .01). The mean SWV of the liver in the patients with CF (1.46 ± 0.24 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (1.12 ± 0.21 m/s; P = .001). The SWV of the pancreas and liver did not show any significant differences depending on ursodeoxycholic acid use, malnutrition status, and the presence of the F508 deletion mutation.ConclusionsThis study showed an increased SWV of the pancreas in children with CF, contrary to the literature. We also found an increased liver SWV even in the absence of CF‐related liver disease. Ultrasound elastography may be a useful method of evaluating early changes in the pancreas and liver before the obvious clinical, laboratory, and B‐mode ultrasound signs of CF‐related involvement.
The present study showed that T1D affects the thyroid gland stiffness even in patients without autoimmune thyroiditis. Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography may be a useful method in determining early changes in thyroid gland in T1D and may be used as a screening tool.
In the present study, the SWV of the healthy thyroid gland in children was determined. There was no correlation between the SWV of the thyroid gland and age, BSA, or thyroid gland volume.
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