The English believe that being English is first of all having a good sense of humor. Therefore, a shameful thing for them is to be regarded as a person with no sense of humor. Thus, English humor, which is very sophisticated, aristocratic and subtle, is widely used in their everyday life. This paper aims to find out the relationship between the violation of Grice's maxims and the ambiguity that induce humor and laughter in each case of violation.The present paper studies the types of ambiguity which are the most popular device in the process of creation of English linguistic verbal jokes matching them to the violation of Grice's maxims that form an important constituent of linguistic verbal jokes. First, Grice's Cooperative Principles, their violation and the way how they are violated are considered. Then, ambiguity in English linguistic jokes is defined and categorized. After that, ten randomly chosen English linguistic jokes (five lexical-semantic and five structuralsyntactic jokes respectively) are analyzed demonstrating the violation and the manner of violation of Grice's maxims in them.If people said exactly what they meant, and if people understood their interlocutors' intention and interpreted what they heard correctly, there would be no linguistic humor. According to American philosopher Paul Grice, people observe certain cooperative principle to conduct successful interaction. Thus, Grice suggests four main maxims (or super maxims) viz. maxims of quantity, quality, relation and manner within his famous Cooperative Principles, the violation of which can cause misunderstanding that is one of the main sources of linguistic jokes. The above four super maxims can be violated in four ways: 1) quietly and unostentatiously, 2) by opting out of a maxim, 3) coping with a clash between maxims, and 4) flouting a maxim in order to exploit it. (Grice, 1975, pp. 45-49).In linguistics, ambiguity is defined as words, phrases or sentences that express more than one meaning. (Crystal, 2008, p.22). According to another definition, ambiguity is a construction which admits more than one interpretation. Salvatore Attardo et al. (1994), in their study of a corpus of two thousand jokes, found out that four hundred and thirty-one of the four hundred and forty-one verbal jokes, i. e. about ninety-eight percent, were ambiguity based. Ambiguity itself falls two main types -lexical-semantic and structuralsyntactic. In the first case, any word or sentence has more than one meaning, in the second case, the role of any word or its relation with other constituents in the sentence has more than one possibility.In linguistic jokes, the humorous effect is achieved through lexical-semantic or structural-syntactic ambiguity where Grice's maxims are violated. Thus, the main conclusion will be as follows:In the first line of two-linear verbal linguistic jokes, Grice's maxims of quantity (make your contribution as informative as required) and manner (avoid ambiguity) are violated. In the second line (punch line), Grice's maxims of relat...
This research study attempts to analyze persuasive techniques in the hotel and fast-food restaurant advertisements in terms of critical discourse analysis techniques. Research on persuasiveness has been popular for a long time, studied as the art of speaking and features of rhetoric. Linguists have never stopped in their quest to find out what linguistic elements create persuasive effects and impact human brains to convince people about something. The research aimed to reveal what techniques were widely used in advertisements to catch customers’ attention and persuade people to purchase the products. The study was conducted based on the qualitative-quantitative method, and the data was collected from the official pages of different famous hotels and fast-food restaurants. For investigation, 50 slogans, 25 from hotels’ and 25 from fast food restaurants’ advertisements, were analyzed based on “verbal techniques” and “power words techniques.” The results of the study point to the comparative analysis of hotel and fast-food slogans, and they are represented with the help of charts and diagrams in statistical numbers. In the conclusion of the research, it became clear that the most frequent verbal technique used was the “we are different and unique” technique, and the most frequent vocabulary types were the “abundance words” and “confidence words” type of words.
Nowadays mass media plays a crucial role in people’s lives. Online newspapers constitute a part of media discourse, which makes for extremely important bodies of text for the purposes of research in discourse analysis. In news headlines, careful and sensitive use is made of linguistic devices in order to make the headlines unique and different, influence the readers, create trust for the newspaper, and, most importantly, invite and encourage the reader to proceed to the whole story and the main body of the report/news report. In this spirit, this study is a linguistic analysis of headlines in the political section of established online American newspapers. The data for this study comprises 50 headlines collected from 5 online newspapers revolving around the theme of Donald Trump. It aims to explore the linguistics structure of newspaper headlines in the sample articles from these 5 most widely read newspapers: The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post. In this qualitative-quantitative study, use is made of the model by Montgomery (2007) that takes account of a comprehensive picture that pays due respects to linguistic, semantic and discursive properties of headlines alongside each other in a complete package. The findings are mapped out in the form of figures and charts. The results of the frequency analysis showed that newspapers mostly used ‘full sentence’ and ‘ellipsis’ in their headlines. The qualitative analysis revealed that most of the semantic, linguistic and discursive strategies used in headlines are geared to the ‘tactical incompleteness strategy’, a helpful notion and a part of Montgomery’s model.
Nowadays mass media plays a crucial role in people’s lives. Online newspapers constitute a part of media discourse, which makes for extremely important bodies of text for the purposes of research in discourse analysis. In news headlines, careful and sensitive use is made of linguistic devices in order to make the headlines unique and different, influence the readers, create trust for the newspaper, and, most importantly, invite and encourage the reader to proceed to the whole story and the main body of the report/news report. In this spirit, this study is a linguistic analysis of headlines in the political section of established online American newspapers. The data for this study comprises 50 headlines collected from 5 online newspapers revolving around the theme of Donald Trump. It aims to explore the linguistics structure of newspaper headlines in the sample articles from these 5 most widely read newspapers: The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post. In this qualitative-quantitative study, use is made of the model by Montgomery (2007) that takes account of a comprehensive picture that pays due respects to linguistic, semantic and discursive properties of headlines alongside each other in a complete package. The findings are mapped out in the form of figures and charts. The results of the frequency analysis showed that newspapers mostly used ‘full sentence’ and ‘ellipsis’ in their headlines. The qualitative analysis revealed that most of the semantic, linguistic and discursive strategies used in headlines are geared to the ‘tactical incompleteness strategy’, a helpful notion and a part of Montgomery’s model.
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