The aim of this work was to substitute chicken egg yolk with quail egg yolk in two semen extenders and to evaluate the quality of the extended canine semen following chilled storage. Semen was pooled from male dogs (n= 4) of about 18-months old and body weight of about 28 kg. Four extenders were tested: (1) tris buffered chicken egg yolk extender (2) tris buffered quail egg yolk extender, (3) skimmed milk chicken egg yolk extender and (4) skimmed milk quail egg yolk extender. Semen was diluted with corresponding extender in the ratio 1:4. The diluted semen samples were analyzed for motility, mass activity, viability, abnormalities percentage and pH for three consecutive days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in either tris diluent or skimmed milk extender with respect to pH, mass activity and sperm motility. Samples stored in both the tris and skimmed milk-based extenders with quail egg yolk displayed greater viability than those in chicken egg yolk but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Viability, mass activity and sperm motility decreased as treatment days increased in both chicken and quail egg yolk extenders. Results showed that a pH of 6.5 was maintained from day 0 to day 3. There was no difference in semen quality between chicken and quail egg yolk in either the tris diluent or skimmed milk extender (P> 0.05). It was recommended that quail egg yolk could be substituted for chicken egg yolk in the two canine semen extenders. Further modifications of the diluents with quail egg yolk might produce an improved result. Keywords: Canine, Chicken Chilled, Egg yolk, Extenders, Quail, Semen
Phone: +234 7 04343 3344 37 38 39 2 40 Abstract 41 Date fruits are endowed with medicinal values, including boosting the male fertility status, but with 42 meagre empirical evidence. Thus, the current study was designed to assess the ameliorative and 43 potential adverse effects of date fruit extracts (Phoenix dactylifera) on cypermethrin-induced male 44 infertility. The study was conducted in two phases using adult male Wistar rats (n = 42, 180 -220 45 g and aged 14 -16 weeks). The first phase was a single oral dose toxicity study to ascertain the 46 suitability of date fruit extract and cypermethrin administered at 250 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, 47 respectively. The second phase, which included four treatment groups of six animals per group, 48 assessed the effects of date fruits on cypermethrin-induced infertility. At the termination of the 49 experiment, semen was collected by epididymal extraction for the assessment of sperm 50 abnormalities, motility, mass activity, semen pH, and percentage live. Serum samples were also 51 collected for testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) profiling, and the collected data 52 was subjected to statistical analysis. The group administered only cypermethrin showed a decrease 53 in percentage motility, live, mass activity and an increase in total abnormalities over the control 54 group while the group exposed to only date fruits extracts showed increased percentage motility, 55 live, mass activity and a decrease in total abnormalities over the control. The results of a combined 56 administration of date fruit extracts and cypermethrin on a separate group showed a consistently 57 reduced percentage of anatomically abnormal sperm cells and a general improvement of sperm 58 motility and mass activity. There was no significant difference in the weight of the Wister rats in all 59 the groups (p > 0.05). However, testosterone and FSH levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) 60 by date fruit extract treatment. The current report provides evidence of the potential ameliorative 61 effects of date fruit extracts in cypermethrin-induced male infertility and cautions excessive use or 62 abuse since some adverse effects were observed. 3 63 Key Words: Semen, Testosterone, FSH, date fruit, Cypermethrin, Infertility 64 65 1.0. Introduction 66 Cypermethrin is a neurotoxic synthetic pyrethroid that is commonly used as a synergist to increase 67 the potency of insecticides on pests [1]. Sequel to a recommendation by the World Health 68 Organisation (WHO), the use of the chemical has become popular for the effective treatment of 69 mosquitoes in Asia and Africa [2], where malaria is epidemic [3]. However, studies have reported 70 cases of acquired infertility following exposure of cypermethrin to animals [4 -8]. The lethal dose 71 (LD 50 ) of cypermethrin in rats following oral administration is 251 mg/kg of body weight [9], but 72 periodic subacute doses over prolonged periods result in chronic genotoxic effects including a 73 significant reduction in the relative weights of the teste...
The work was designed to study the effect on fertility and pup parameters of female Wistar rats mated to male Wistar rats that were treated with Date fruit extract and Cypermethrin. A total of 48 mature Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) comprising of 24 males and 24 females were randomly distributed into four groups (I, II, III, and IV) of 12 animals per group of which six were males and six were females. The six males in groups I, II, III and IV received distilled water; Cypermethrin at 60mg/kg body weight; Date fruit extract (DFE) at 250 mg/kg body weight; and a mixture of Cypermethrin (60 mg/kg body weight) and DFE (250mg/kg body weight) respectively. Treatment was given once weekly per os for eight weeks after which treated males were mated with the females at a ratio of 1: 1. Conception and pregnancy rates; gestation length; litter size; litter weights at birth, day‐5, day‐10, day‐15 and day‐21 post‐partum; anogenital distance at day‐10; sex ratio and age of pup at hair growth were measured. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in all parameters measured except sex ratio. More female than male offsprings were born to the Date fruit treated male groups. It was concluded that Cypermethrin at 60 mg/kg body weight did not alter the fertility of male Wistar rats while Date fruit extract at 250 mg/kg body weight favored the birth of more female off springs. Further investigation is required to unravel the potential of Date fruit extract in sex selection.
Previously, investigation had shown that Hexane-Acetyl acetate Fraction (HAAF) and Acetyl acetate-Methanol Fraction (AAMF) of Adansonia digitata (Linn) root bark extract have reproduction effect in normal cycling female Wistar rats. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry was done to identify tcompounds present in each fraction and investigation was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of action of HAAF and AAMF on female reproduction. Thirty female rats weighing 100-120g had their estrous cycles synchronized and were randomly distributed into three groups (I, II, and III) of ten rats each. Each group received 0, 150, and 300mg/kg body weight of each fraction per os from day of proestrus to day-seven. On day-one, day-four, day-five, day-six and day-seven, blood was collected from two rats in each group. Blood collected was analyzed for hematology, lipid profile and hormonal profile of estrogen, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormones. Uterus, ovary and vagina was processed for histopathology examination. Uteri and ovaries were also processed for immunohistochemistry study of Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone Receptor proteins. Fraction that regulated a receptor protein was further investigated for its effect on the gene expression of that receptor. Mechanism of action of A. digitata (L) root bark on the reproduction of female Wistar rats was then deduced from the effects of the fraction and the bioactivities of the compounds present. HAAF and AAMF contained Oleic acid (5.57% and 15,25% respectively); while AAMF exclusively contained Acetonotrile,2.2'-iminobis-(14.54%); 1.alpha.,2.alpha.-Epoxy-1.beta.-methylcholesta-4,6-diene-3-one (5.40%); 9,19-Cyclolanost-23-ene-3,25-diol3-acetate,(3.beta.,23E)-(8.45%); 8,11-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester (6.77%) and 11,13-Eicosadienoic acid methyl ester (8.14%). HAAF and AAMF caused mass atresia of antral follicles at proestrus and prolonged proestrus and diestrus phases. AAMF treated rats had significantly (p<0.05) lower relative ovarian weights and serum estradiol levels at proestrus when compared to control rats. AAMF also upregulated ER beta proteins in endometrial glandular epithelial cells but downregulated ER alpha gene expression in endometrial stromal cells. Its mechanism of action may involve the activities of Oleic acid which inhibits aromatase and hydroxysteroid 17 beta dehydrogenase enzyme activities in estrogen steroidogenesis. It may also involve Acetonotrile, 2.2'-iminobis-which may act as an antagonist to androgen and estrogen-alpha signaling pathways.
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