The work was designed to study the effect on fertility and pup parameters of female Wistar rats mated to male Wistar rats that were treated with Date fruit extract and Cypermethrin. A total of 48 mature Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) comprising of 24 males and 24 females were randomly distributed into four groups (I, II, III, and IV) of 12 animals per group of which six were males and six were females. The six males in groups I, II, III and IV received distilled water; Cypermethrin at 60mg/kg body weight; Date fruit extract (DFE) at 250 mg/kg body weight; and a mixture of Cypermethrin (60 mg/kg body weight) and DFE (250mg/kg body weight) respectively. Treatment was given once weekly per os for eight weeks after which treated males were mated with the females at a ratio of 1: 1. Conception and pregnancy rates; gestation length; litter size; litter weights at birth, day‐5, day‐10, day‐15 and day‐21 post‐partum; anogenital distance at day‐10; sex ratio and age of pup at hair growth were measured. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in all parameters measured except sex ratio. More female than male offsprings were born to the Date fruit treated male groups. It was concluded that Cypermethrin at 60 mg/kg body weight did not alter the fertility of male Wistar rats while Date fruit extract at 250 mg/kg body weight favored the birth of more female off springs. Further investigation is required to unravel the potential of Date fruit extract in sex selection.
Effect of Trypanosoma congolense infection on Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of Dutch belted (does) rabbits was investigated. Sixteen Dutch belted rabbits weighing between 1.6 and 1.8 kg were grouped into two of eight each. Following intraperitoneal inoculation with T. congolense, PCV, total leucocyte count (TLC), rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW) were assessed, as well as the level of parasitaemia. Mean PCV of infected rabbits were 36.0 ± 0.53%, 35.3 ± 0.19%, and 28.0 ± 0.89% while that for uninfected were 40.8 ± 0.11%, 41.8 ± 0.19%, and 41.3 ± 0.08% at days 18, 25 and 58 post inoculation (PI) respectively. Mean TLC of infected group were 5.5 ± 0.08 x109/L, 3.9 ± 0.08 x109/L and 3.4 ± 0.09 x109/L while that for uninfected were 5.9 ± 0.05, 4.2 ± 0.08, and 3.5 ± 0.09 at days 18, 25 and 58 respectively. Mean RT of infected were 38.3 ± 0.070C, 39.2 ± 0.090C and 39 ± 0.100C while that for uninfected were 38.0 ± 0.120C, 38.2 ± 0.110C and 38.8 ± 0.080C at days 18, 25 and 58 PI respectively. Mean HR of infected were 141 ± 0.96/bpm, 143 ± 1.22/bpm and 144 ± 1.13/bpm while that for uninfected were 149 ± 0.59/bpm, 144 ± 0.94/bpm and 149 ± 1.27/bpm at days 18, 25 and 58 respectively. Mean BW of infected were 1.7 ± 0.07kg, 1.5 ± 0.07kg and 1.6 ± 0.06kg while that for uninfected were 1.6 ± 0.07kg, 1.6 ± 0.07kg and 1.80 ± 0.07kg at days 18, 25 and 58 PI respectively. PCV of infected was significantly (P < 0.05) lower as compared to uninfected group at days 18, 25 and 58 of the study. Parasitaemia was detected at 6th day PI and remained high to the end of the study. The study suggest use of haematinics and anti-pyrexia in the disease management for rabbits.
Land filling is a common method of managing solid wastes around the world and this method of waste management causes nuisance to the environment through the release of chemical laden landfill gases and leachates that can affect multiple organ systems including the male reproductive system. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of 21 days exposure of Gwagwalada landfill leachate on sexual behaviour, reproductive hormonal imbalance, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserve depletion and histopathology of the testis and epididymis of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) adults male Wistar rats were used and randomly selected into two (2) groups. Group A were fed with normal rat chow and tap water as drinking water ad libitum while Group B were fed with normal rat chow and 10% of Gwagwalada landfill leachate as drinking water ad libitum. Exposure was for 21 days. Results showed that exposure to GLL induced decreased mount frequency and increased mount latency as well as decreased serum concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone. Also, there was marked weight loss of the testis (especially the left) with different morpho-phenotypic pathologies of the testis and epididymis. The present study has demonstrated the detrimental effects of Gwagwalada landfill leachate to adult males.
Concerns about inappropriate disposal of waste into unsanitary municipal solid waste landfills around the world has been on the increase; and this pose a public health challenge due to leachate production. The neurotoxic effect of Gwagwalada landfill leachate (GLL) was investigated in male adult Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to 10% concentration of GLL for 21days. Control group received tap water for same period of experiment. Our results showed that neurobehavior, absolute body and brain weights and brain histomorphology as well as parvalbumin interneurons were severely altered, with consequent astrogliosis and microgliosis after 21 days of administrating GLL. Specifically, there was severe loss and shrinkage of purkinje cells, with their nucleus, and severe diffused vacuolations of the white matter tract of GLL exposed rat brains. There was severe cell loss in the granular layer of the cerebellum resulting to reduced thickness of the layer. Also. there was severe loss of dendritic arborization of the purkinje cells in GLL exposed rat brains, and damage as well of reduced populations of parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking GABAminergic interneurons in various regions of the brain. In conclusion, data from the present study demonstrated the detrimental effects of Gwagwalada landfill leachate on the brain which may be implicated in neuropsychological conditions.
The aim of this work was to identify the exclusive components of Acetyl acetate‐methanol fraction (AAMF) of Adansonia digitata (Linn) root bark extract and to elucidate its mechanism of action in modulating hormone signaling. Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry was done to identify the compounds present in fractions of A. digitata (Linn) root bark extract. Thirty female Wistar rats had their estrous cycles synchronized and were randomly distributed into three groups of ten rats each. Each group received 0, 150, and 300mg/kg body weight of AAMF per os from the day observed as proestrus by vaginal cytology to day‐seven. On day‐one, day‐four, day‐five, day‐six and day‐seven, blood was collected from rats in each group. Blood collected was analyzed for estrogen, progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone levels. Uterus and ovary were processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry to study the regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins. Where a receptor protein was regulated, further investigation was done to determine its effect on the gene expression of that receptor in endometrial stromal cells through RNA extraction, OneStep reverse transcription‐pCR amplification, Agarose gel electrophoresis and quantification of pCR product. Results showed that AAMF uniquely contained 15.25% of oleic acid and caused mass atresia of antral follicles at proestrus. AAMF treated rats had significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum estradiol levels at proestrus when compared to control rats and had up‐regulated estrogen receptor beta proteins in endometrium and downregulated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene expression in endometrial cells. It was concluded that the oleic acid component of AAMF may have lowered estrogen level by inhibiting aromatase and hydroxysteroid 17 beta dehydrogenase enzyme activities in estrogen steroidogenesis. Also, oleic acid may have induced overexpression of Tumour Suppressor Factor (P53) which promotes follicular apoptosis and indirectly downregulates ERα when p53 activities become exacerbated. It is recommended that AAMF be investigated as a possible therapy for some ERα sensitive clinical conditions like cancer.
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