Effects of aqueous ethanolic fruit extract of Picralima nitida (EFEPN) on
The aim of this work was to substitute chicken egg yolk with quail egg yolk in two semen extenders and to evaluate the quality of the extended canine semen following chilled storage. Semen was pooled from male dogs (n= 4) of about 18-months old and body weight of about 28 kg. Four extenders were tested: (1) tris buffered chicken egg yolk extender (2) tris buffered quail egg yolk extender, (3) skimmed milk chicken egg yolk extender and (4) skimmed milk quail egg yolk extender. Semen was diluted with corresponding extender in the ratio 1:4. The diluted semen samples were analyzed for motility, mass activity, viability, abnormalities percentage and pH for three consecutive days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in either tris diluent or skimmed milk extender with respect to pH, mass activity and sperm motility. Samples stored in both the tris and skimmed milk-based extenders with quail egg yolk displayed greater viability than those in chicken egg yolk but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Viability, mass activity and sperm motility decreased as treatment days increased in both chicken and quail egg yolk extenders. Results showed that a pH of 6.5 was maintained from day 0 to day 3. There was no difference in semen quality between chicken and quail egg yolk in either the tris diluent or skimmed milk extender (P> 0.05). It was recommended that quail egg yolk could be substituted for chicken egg yolk in the two canine semen extenders. Further modifications of the diluents with quail egg yolk might produce an improved result. Keywords: Canine, Chicken Chilled, Egg yolk, Extenders, Quail, Semen
Phone: +234 7 04343 3344 37 38 39 2 40 Abstract 41 Date fruits are endowed with medicinal values, including boosting the male fertility status, but with 42 meagre empirical evidence. Thus, the current study was designed to assess the ameliorative and 43 potential adverse effects of date fruit extracts (Phoenix dactylifera) on cypermethrin-induced male 44 infertility. The study was conducted in two phases using adult male Wistar rats (n = 42, 180 -220 45 g and aged 14 -16 weeks). The first phase was a single oral dose toxicity study to ascertain the 46 suitability of date fruit extract and cypermethrin administered at 250 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, 47 respectively. The second phase, which included four treatment groups of six animals per group, 48 assessed the effects of date fruits on cypermethrin-induced infertility. At the termination of the 49 experiment, semen was collected by epididymal extraction for the assessment of sperm 50 abnormalities, motility, mass activity, semen pH, and percentage live. Serum samples were also 51 collected for testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) profiling, and the collected data 52 was subjected to statistical analysis. The group administered only cypermethrin showed a decrease 53 in percentage motility, live, mass activity and an increase in total abnormalities over the control 54 group while the group exposed to only date fruits extracts showed increased percentage motility, 55 live, mass activity and a decrease in total abnormalities over the control. The results of a combined 56 administration of date fruit extracts and cypermethrin on a separate group showed a consistently 57 reduced percentage of anatomically abnormal sperm cells and a general improvement of sperm 58 motility and mass activity. There was no significant difference in the weight of the Wister rats in all 59 the groups (p > 0.05). However, testosterone and FSH levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) 60 by date fruit extract treatment. The current report provides evidence of the potential ameliorative 61 effects of date fruit extracts in cypermethrin-induced male infertility and cautions excessive use or 62 abuse since some adverse effects were observed. 3 63 Key Words: Semen, Testosterone, FSH, date fruit, Cypermethrin, Infertility 64 65 1.0. Introduction 66 Cypermethrin is a neurotoxic synthetic pyrethroid that is commonly used as a synergist to increase 67 the potency of insecticides on pests [1]. Sequel to a recommendation by the World Health 68 Organisation (WHO), the use of the chemical has become popular for the effective treatment of 69 mosquitoes in Asia and Africa [2], where malaria is epidemic [3]. However, studies have reported 70 cases of acquired infertility following exposure of cypermethrin to animals [4 -8]. The lethal dose 71 (LD 50 ) of cypermethrin in rats following oral administration is 251 mg/kg of body weight [9], but 72 periodic subacute doses over prolonged periods result in chronic genotoxic effects including a 73 significant reduction in the relative weights of the teste...
Background: There is a potential for longitudinal and horizontal transfer of the cytotoxic effects of Cypermethrin, and evidence suggesting that date fruit extracts can ameliorate these cytotoxic effects. Thus, the current study evaluated female Wister rats’ fertility and pup parameters after mating males treated with Cypermethrin and Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) extract. Methods: Adult Wistar rats (n = 74; 140 – 207 g) were used to conduct this experiment in two phases: The first phase was a single dose toxicity study (n = 18), while the second phase (n = 56) evaluated female Wister rats’ reproductive and pup development parameters after mating with male Wistar rats exposed to date fruit extract and Cypermethrin. Male rats were distributed randomly into four groups (n = 7 per group) and administered distilled water (Group I); 60 mg/kg Cypermethrin (Group II) to simulate infertility; 250 mg/kg date fruit extract alone (Group III); and date fruit extracts plus 60 mg/kg Cypermethrin (Group IV). Treated males were then mated with healthy female rats at a ratio of 1:1. Successfully mated females were appraised for conception and pregnancy rates; gestation length; litter size and weights at birth, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 21 post-partum; anogenital distance at day-20; sex ratio, and age of pup when hair growth was evident. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in litter size, and male anogenital distance, but not in reproductive performance. Also, the study demonstrated that date fruit extract skewed the sex ratio of offspring to more female than male pups when female Wister rats were mated with males that received date fruit extracts alone or Cypermethrin and date fruit extracts. The body weight gains did not differ significantly between the control and Cypermethrin treated groups Conclusion: This evidence suggested a longitudinal transfer of the protective effects of date fruit extracts following a weekly exposure of male rats to Cypermethrin at 60 mg/kg
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