ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality based on some parameters ofKeywords : water; quality; potential; karst ABSTRAK.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air berdasarkan beberapa parameter fisik, kimia dan biologi dari tiga sumber mata air, yaitu satu lokasi di kecamatan Kaliorang dan dua lokasi di Kecamatan Karangan.Karakteristik bentang alam di dua kecamatan hampir sama, yaitu merupakan perbukitan dengan torehan kecil. Begitu juga ketiga lokasi sumber air merupakan kawasan perbukitan Karst (Batu kapur). Bentang lahan Karst bukan hanya menyediakan bahan-bahan material, keanekaragaman hayati, tetapi juga penyedia jasa ekosistem seperti air bersih, pengatur tata air dan potensi atas dan bawah permukaan seperti gua-gua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas fisik air dari ketiga sumber air memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Dari hasil pengujian laboratorium, kualitas kimia air di tiga lokasi memiliki kandungan BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) dan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yang relatif tinggi. Tingginya nilai BOD dan COD mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebutt dalam kondisi tercemar oleh akumulasi bahan organik terutama seresah dari vegetasi hutan diatasnya. Selanjutnya untukTotal coliform dan Fecal coliform walaupun jumlahnya di bawah ambang batas baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan, namun keberadaaannya di dalam air menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi sumber mata air oleh limbah seperti dari
Hutan mangrove Taman Nasional Kutai merupakan ekosistem penting yang harus dijaga dan ditingkatkan kelestariannya. Degradasi ekosistem mangrove melalui berbagai aktivitas manusia telah menjadi penyebab utama berkurangnya kemampuan hutan mangrove dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon. Hutan mangrove dianggap sebagai ekosistem yang paling banyak menyimpan karbon di dunia yang sebagian besar karbon tersimpan di tanah. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan rata-rata C-organik di Muara Teluk Pandan sebesar 2,20% dan di Teluk Kaba memiliki rata-rata C-organik sebesar 2,27%. Rendahnya kandungan C-organik telah mempengaruhi stok karbon tanah. Di kedua lokasi memiliki kisaran stok karbon tanah, yaitu sebesar 66,2-116,1 ton/ha. Rata-rata stok karbon tanah di Teluk Kaba sebesar 74,85 ton/ha, kemudian rata-rata stok karbon tanah di Muara Teluk Pandan sebesar 94,43 ton/ha. Berdasarkan literatur dan hasil penelitian yang terkait, menunjukkan stok karbon tanah mangrove di lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah. Adanya berbagai aktivitas manusia dan perubahan tata guna lahan terutama untuk tambak telah berpotensi menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem mangrove termasuk fungsi mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon.
Abstract. Poedjirahajoe E, Sulityorini IS, Komara LL. 2019. Short Communication: Species diversity of mangrove in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3641-3646. Kutai National Park (KNP) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia is blessed with natural mangrove forests. However, there is only very little information relating to the species composition and mangrove diversity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the mangrove tree species diversity and richness in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study results showed that the mangrove trees density was 1,214 trees/ha in the line transect vegetation survey with 1.7 ha plot. The number of mangrove species in KNP was 17 from 6 families. The dominant species with large numbers of individuals were Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Bruguiera sexangula. The diversity index was low in mangroves in Pandan Bay Estuary, and Kaba Bay compared to that in Lombok bay’s mangroves.
Social capital has an important role in mangrove management on conservation areas. Utilization of mangrove forest with silvofishery system can be an alternative developed for the community around the conservation areas. The purpose of this research is to know the strength of social capital in supporting the utilization of mangrove for silvofishery. This research adopted Social Capital Assessment Tool method and data analysis with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the study found that there were several elements of social capital in five study villages that have not supported silvofishery in Kutai National Park (KNP), East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The overall analysis of the respondents showed that there were five elements of social capital have significant effect on silvofishery. The other two elements were insignificant and should be of particular concern to be improved, i.e. social networks and social norms. Indicators to be aware of were the increased knowledge of communities on park-related regulations, increased involvement of individuals in the community, and the strengthening of public figures who can be role models for the community. Mangrove forest of KNP should be kept as conservation area, but it should still pay attention to the socioeconomic conditions of the surrounding community. The strength of social capital is expected to realize conservation-based economic development.
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