Over the past 70 years, the global population and age structure have been changing rapidly. Analyses from the 2017 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study forecasted a continuation of global ageing throughout the remainder of the 21st century, creating major challenges for health-care systems to ensure healthy longevity for ageing societies. Oral health is an intrinsic constituent of general health and wellbeing; however, oral health is largely overlooked on the global health agenda. Oral conditions are mostly preventable or treatable, yet older people often do not receive the necessary routine care to maintain a good standard of oral health. The neglect of oral health constitutes a failure of global health policy and a failure to deliver the basic human rights of older people. The aim of this Personal View is to encourage a refreshed vision of oral health, enabling policy makers to recognise the implications of poor oral health in older adults. We call for urgent action to manage the projected challenges throughout the coming decades, to ensure that additional years of life are spent in a state of good health and to help mark global ageing, not as a burden, but as a major anthropological achievement.

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Résumé -Introduction : La tumeur brune est une lésion non néoplasique résultant d'une anomalie du métabolisme osseux dans le cadre d'une hyperparathyroïdie primaire, secondaire, ou tertiaire. Observation : Il s'agit d'un homme âgé de 48 ans atteint d'une insuffisance rénale chronique au stade terminal, traitée par hémodialyse. L'examen radiologique a montré la présence d'une lésion radioclaire bien limitée au niveau de la région incivo-canine mandibulaire droite, englobant les racines de la 41, 31, 32, dont le test de vitalité était positif. Un bilan phosphocalcique et un dosage de la parathormone ont été demandés. La valeur de la parathormone s'élevait à 750 pg/mL. Une hypocalcémie et une hyperphosphorémie ont été enregistrées. Un traitement médical à base de vitamine D a été instauré. Les contrôles biologique et radiologique après 8 mois ont montré la normalisation du taux de la parathormone, et la disparition de la radioclarté. Discussion : Le terme « tumeur brune » est dérivé de son apparence brunâtre due à sa vascularisation et à des dépôts d'hémosidérine. Le traitement d'une tumeur brune dépend de plusieurs éléments : l'étiologie, l'étendue, la localisation, et la symptomatologie. Pour les lésions dues à l'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire, le traitement est principalement médical.Abstract -Brown tumor due to secondary hyperparathyroidism: case report and review of the literature. Introduction: A brown tumor is a non-neoplastic lesion resulting from an abnormality of bone metabolism in the context of primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Observation: We report the case of a man aged 48 with chronic kidney disease in the terminal stage, treated by hemodialysis. Radiological examination showed the presence of a well-defined radiolucent lesion in the right mandibular region, including the roots of 41, 31 and 32, whose vitality test was positive. Calcium and phosphate and parathyroid hormone assays were requested. The parathyroid hormone level was 750 pg/ml. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were recorded. Medical treatment with vitamin D was initiated. The biological and radiological controls after 8 months showed normalization of the parathyroid hormone level, and the disappearance of the radiolucency. Discussion: The term "brown tumor" is derived from its brownish appearance due to its vascularization and hemosiderin deposits. Treatment of a brown tumor depends on several factors: the cause, extent, location and symptomatology. For secondary hyperparathyroidism lesions, treatment is mainly medical.

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Résumé -Introduction : L'adénocarcinome polymorphe de bas grade (APBG) est une tumeur maligne rare qui se trouve presque exclusivement située dans les glandes salivaires accessoires. Il survient fréquemment chez les patients entre 30 et 70 ans, avec un ratio femme-homme de 2/1. Il est généralement situé dans le palais dur ou mou. Observation : Il s'agissait d'une patiente de 38 ans, consultant suite à l'apparition d'une tuméfaction bleutée au niveau du palais mou droit, évoluant depuis un an, indolore et recouverte d'une muqueuse d'aspect normal. Le diagnostic évoqué était un adénome pléomorphe mais l'examen histologique après exérèse chirurgicale révélait un APBG. Une reprise des marges d'exérèse était nécessaire associée à une plastie. Discussion : Le diagnostic de l'APBG est basé principalement sur les éléments cliniques et radiologiques. L'anatomopathologie permet la confirmation et la classification de la lésion. Le traitement reste essentiellement chirurgical. Le pronostic est bon malgré un taux de récidive de l'ordre de 17 % à 24 %. Bien que rares, les métastases dans les ganglions lymphatiques régionaux peuvent se produire dans 9 % des cas. Conclusion : L'APBG est une tumeur non agressive dont le pronostic dépend de plusieurs facteurs dont le délai de consultation, d'où l'importance d'un dépistage précoce.Abstract -Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the soft palate: review and case report. Introduction: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare malignant tumor that is found almost exclusively in the minor salivary glands. It frequently occurs in patients between 30 and 70 years old, with a female to male ratio of 2/1. It is usually located in the hard or soft palate. Observation: A 38-year-old female patient presented with a bluish swelling in the right side of the soft palate which had evolved for a year, which was painless and covered with a mucosa of normal appearance. The first diagnosis suggested was pleomorphic adenoma, but the histologic exam following the surgical biopsy revealed a PLGA. Surgical revision of the safety margins was necessary together with mucosal plasty. Discussion: The diagnosis of PLGA is based mainly on clinical and radiological aspects, but a histologic exam is absolutely necessary to confirm it, and for classification of the lesion. Treatment is mainly surgical. The prognosis is good, although the recurrence rate is 17% to 24%. Although seldom, metastases in regional lymph nodes may occur in 9% of cases. Conclusion: PLGA is a non-aggressive tumor whose prognosis depends on several factors including the consultation period. This highlights the importance of early detection.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, it represents 1% of all tumors and cysts of the jaws. It is located in the mandible in 80% of cases and in the maxilla in 20% of cases. The WHO, in its classification of odontogenic tumors in 2017 divides ameloblastoma into 3 groups: unicystic ameloblastoma, peripheral ameloblastoma and conventional (or multicystic) ameloblastoma. The histological types of the latter include: the follicular and the plexiform. The surgical management of these tumors represents a real challenge for the surgeon, who wants to be as conservative as possible. The treatment of ameloblastoma is surgical, enucleation, curettage or interruptive resection are applicable depending on the size and the type of lesion. The objective of this article is to report the diagnostic and therapeutic attitude towards a mandibular plexiform ameloblastoma in a young 29-years-old patient treated in the oral surgery department of the dental consultation and treatment center of Casablanca

Résumé -Les kératokystes odontogènes des maxillaires se développent à partir de la lame dentaire, ou de ses vestiges, et de l'assise basale de l'épithélium buccal. Ils surviennent surtout lors de la deuxième et la troisième décades. Ils sont plus fréquents chez l'homme que chez la femme, et ils siègent préférentiellement à la mandibule (65 % à 80 % des cas), dans la région de l'angle mandibulaire. Ce travail rapporte deux cas de kératokystes. L'un est un kératokyste maxillaire évoquant, à l'examen clinique et radiologique, un kyste inflammatoire en raison de ses rapports avec 11, 21 et 22 qui sont nécrosées. L'autre est un kératokyste mandibulaire évoquant un kyste dentigère car il est associé à une 43 incluse. Ces 2 cas permettent d'illustrer la difficulté de diagnostic à partir des éléments cliniques et radiologiques et d'insister sur l'intérêt de l'examen anatomopathologique.Abstract -Keratocysts of the jaws: discordance between clinical, radiological and pathological diagnosis. Two cases report. Odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws are derived from the dental lamina, or its remnants, and the basal layer of the oral epithelium. They occur often during the second and third decades. They are more common in men than in women, and they sit preferentially in the mandible (65% to 80% of cases), in the vicinity of the mandibular angle. We report two cases of keratocysts. The first case is a maxillary keratocyst referring, to the clinical and radiological examination, an inflammatory cyst because its relations with the 11, 21 and 22 necrotic. The second case is a mandibular keratocyst evoking a dentigerous cyst because it is associated with the 43 included. Through these two cases, we want to show the difficulty of diagnosis based on clinical and radiological aspect and to insist on the importance of histological examination.