The paper attempts to investigate the driving and restricting forces of ecoinnovations. We determined the most important barriers to eco-innovation that can be classified mainly in three groups such as: external, internal, and international factors. The major barriers to the development of -innovative activity have been identified as the lack of funds within the enterprises, lack of external financing, uncertain demand at the market, uncertain return from investment, unhelpful regulations, lack of knowledge and experience. It is determined that in Ukraine the corruption of public officials has one the most restricting impacts on eco-innovative activities of enterprises. The study shows that eco-innovative activities of firms of all sizes are growing but large enterprises are the most eco-innovative ones. The Eco-innovation Index for Ukraine was calculated; it shows that Ukraine has the lowest position of eco-innovative efficiency in comparison with Germany and Poland. But despite the different levels of eco-innovativeness in Ukraine and the EU Members (using the example of Poland and Germany), the main barriers and drivers to eco-innovation are roughly the same in all of these countries. Based on the interview surveys we found that the most important drivers of eco-innovative activity in Ukraine are the following: existing as well as the reduction in operating costs on energy, water and materials.
The aim of the research was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of financial instruments in international trade. The study examined the dynamics of price changes and determined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the price of futures contracts on the global market. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the futures volatility dynamics in the global financial market was explored for major commodity groups. The least-squares method was used as the main regression testing tool, while dynamics of the indicators was assessed through graphical and trends methods. The study involves the World Bank’s data for 2000-2021. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coal, natural gas, metals, beverage and food futures price on the global financial market was established and proved to be statistically significant. It was found that the pandemic had a statistically significant impact on the volatility of futures for coal, natural gas and tin on the global financial market. The futures price is being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic because of the collapse of global supply chains and countries’ protectionist measures. In aggregate, this produces imbalances in the distribution of goods in the world and impedes their flow. The market is consequently responding to the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic by raising prices. The results obtained open up new lines for research, in particular the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply and demand structure on the world commodity markets.
The paper discusses the relationship between the cross-border labour mobility and diffusion of ecoinnovative technologies. Based on the interview surveys the authors found the main directions of circle impact of cross-border cooperation, eco-innovation and open labour markets. The analysis also showed the most important restrictions fordiffusion of eco-innovations in Ukraine and their effect on cross-border labour mobility.
Проаналізо вано вплив підписання Угоди про асоціацію України з ЄС на розвиток ринку послуг України та Польщі. У торгівлі послугами в Україні та Польщі існує значна асиметрія. З підписанням Угоди обидві сторони зобов'язалися лібералізувати торгівлю як товарами, так і послугами, що відкриває можливості для українського ринку послуг. Наведено пріоритетні напрями українського експорту послуг на польському ринку та прокоментовано базові елементи Угоди про асоціацію в частині торгівлі послугами.Ключові слова: Угода про асоціацію Україна -ЄС; зона вільної торгівлі; торгівля послугами; Польща.
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