Adaptive mechanisms performing at dierent levels of organization of living matter play an important role in theoretical biology. One of the important cases of such mechanisms is the protective coloration of animals, that masks them on the ground.The article aims at building mathematical models of the performance of the protective coloration of animals, depending on the specic situations of their adaptation to a particular area. The results of the study can be used to create remote technologies for detecting animals of certain species at a considerable distance.

This paper reports a study into the use of germinated mungbean as a promising raw material influencing the structure-forming indicators of meat systems during the production of meat-vegetable sausages. The content of iodine in the germinated mungbean and its anatomical parts has been examined using solutions of potassium iodide. A change in the phytic acid content and size of phytin globoloids has been established in mungbean malt depending on germination conditions. The influence of flour from germinated mungbean on the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, fat-retaining abilities, as well as on the pH of meat systems based on veal meat, pork, chicken has been investigated. The reported set of studies is important as the defined patterns could make it possible to devise technologies for meat-vegetable sausages, to expand the range of enriched meat products. The result of this study has established that the degree of biotransformation of iodine into beans is influenced by the protein content in the native beans. Almost 90...95 % of iodine is accumulated in the cotyledons of beans in the protein fraction, 5...10 % ‒ in sprouts and roots. The rational range of potassium iodide concentrations in the germination solution is 76.5 g per 1,000 cm3, over 48 hours. Prolonging the germination time leads to microbiological damage to the bean mass. The germination process affects the reduction of phytic acid content, which is confirmed by a decrease in the diameter of phytin globoloids. It is rational to use in meat systems based on pork meat and veal meat 10 % of the developed flour by reducing meat raw materials. With this ratio of formulation ingredients, the maximum increase in the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, and fat-retaining capacities of these meat systems is achieved. In the meat systems based on chicken meat, it is possible to increase a replacement part of up to 15 %. The reported set of studies is useful and important because it could form the basis for devising the technologies of meat-vegetable sausages to meet the needs of different segments of consumers

The object of research is the procedure for processing digital images for remote registration of Gambusia sp., introduced into water bodies to combat malaria, which threatens not only the African region, but also other latitudes of the world. One of the most problematic areas of research is the elimination of the masking effect of a biological object under conditions of interference (for example, water turbidity) that make it difficult to recognize Gambusia sp. on digital images taken from aboard light drones. In the course of the study, approaches were used that allow dividing a digital image into segments and sub-segments, followed by determining the ratio of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom section. Dispersion and correlation analysis of mean values and mean square deviation values of the RGB model parameters were used. The standard deviation was considered as the degree of diversity of colorimetric parameters in the color of a biological object. The proposed procedure made it possible to reveal a moderate negative correlation between the predominance of green and yellow-orange-red phytopigments in the dynamics of the Margalef model of phytocenosis succession in the places of introduction and habitation of Gambusia sp. This is due to the fact that the shielding of phytocenosis areas by Gambusia sp. is reflected in the nature of the relationship of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom area, namely, they affect the correlation between the average values of the parameters G/(R+G+B) and R/G or between the mean value and the standard deviation of the parameter G/(R+G+B). This makes it possible to use Gambusia sp. in regions affected by malaria, a wide range of light drones with remote photofixation of relatively low quality. The implementation of these possibilities will require much less material costs and a small number of personnel than underwater video filming and other known methods for studying the ichthyofauna of small water bodies in conditions of interference. It is about the registration of the results of the introduction of Gambusia sp. in such water bodies to fight malaria.

Serious pine needle disease, Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini was detected in Ukraine in 2004-2005. The aim of this study was to identify the Dothistroma species present on new hosts in Ukraine using different molecular techniques to increase our understanding of the local distribution of these pathogens. The occurrence and distribution of DNB were studied in 2014-2018 and 480 needle samples were collected from 16 different regions in 96 localities, and the presence of DNB was confirmed in 62 of them. The host range of DNB consisted of 8 pine species including 3 subspecies and 2 spruce species, among them Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and P. sylvestris were the most frequent hosts. Results showed that both D. septosporum and D. pini were present on P. nigra subsp. pallasiana on the same trees and even in the same needles. Moreover, D. septosporum was found first in Ukraine on Pinus ponderosa Douglas, Pinus banksiana Lamb and Pinus contorta Douglas in the arboretum as well as Picea pungens Engelm and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. The suitability for the disease in the different forest types and intensity of the disease are discussed.

Content of polysaccharides in vegetative mass of maize in connection with its selection characteristic.