Mathematical modeling is a convenient way for characterization of complex ecosystems. This approach was applied to study the dynamics of zooplankton in Lake Sevan (Armenia) at different stages of anthropogenic eutrophication with the use of a novel method called discrete modeling of dynamical systems with feedback (DMDS). Simulation demonstrated that the application of this method helps in characterization of inter- and intra-component relationships in a natural ecosystem. This method describes all possible pairwise inter-component relationships like "plus-plus," "minus-minus," "plus-minus," "plus-zero," "minus-zero," and "zero-zero" that occur in most ecosystems. Based on the results, a working hypothesis was formulated. It was found that the sensitivity to weak external influence in zooplanktons was the greatest during the mid period of eutrophication in Lake Sevan, whereas in the final stages of eutrophication, an outbreak in the biomass production of cyanobacteria was evident. To support this approach, a weak external disturbance in the form of magnetic storm was used to see its effect on species Daphnia longispina sevanica. A statistically significant correlation between the frequency of magnetic storms and the number of this species was revealed and an increase in the number of toxic cyanobacteria species as a consequence of eutrophication. This paper, for the first time, suggests a DMDS method, to diagnose impact of anthropogenic eutrophication on environment.

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Adaptive mechanisms performing at dierent levels of organization of living matter play an important role in theoretical biology. One of the important cases of such mechanisms is the protective coloration of animals, that masks them on the ground.The article aims at building mathematical models of the performance of the protective coloration of animals, depending on the specic situations of their adaptation to a particular area. The results of the study can be used to create remote technologies for detecting animals of certain species at a considerable distance.

АННОТАЦИЯ Статья посвящена определению системных колориметрических параметров демаскировки крыс (Rattus norvegicus) при видеорегистрации в городских условиях. Найдена комбинация значений колориметрических параметров, которая может сыграть роль системного колориметрического параметра, являющейся наиболее выраженной мерой пестроты защитной окраски Rattus norvegicus. Эффективность использования найденного системного колориметрического параметра была проверена обработкой полученного изображения крысы на фоне фрагмента городского пейзажа. Полученные результаты обработки изображения крысы показывают эффективность повышения контрастности силуэта животного, что увеличивает эффективность видео-регистрации численности и миграций серой крысы в условиях города. Ключевые слова: серая крыса; защитная окраска; колорометрические параметры; обработка изображения; траектория системы; дискретные модели динамических систем; база данных ABSTRACT The relevance of the article is determined by threats to biobesopathy in urban conditions, which can be created by loss of control over the population of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The purpose of the study is to determine of the system colorimetric parameters of unmasking rats with video recording in urban conditions. Methods of solution. This goal is achieved by mathematical modeling of systemic colorimetric parameters of the rat's protective coloration. Exceeding these values over similar background values of the urban landscape fragments allows unmasking animals. Modeling is performed using new class of models -discrete models of dynamic systems, based on the actual image material Rattus norvegicus. Images taken from the Internet and processed using MatLab package. Results. A values combination of the colorimetric parameters are found that can play the role of the system colorimetric parameters, which is the most pronounced measure of the variegation of the Rattus norvegicus protective coloration. This value is entered in a specially created database, which contains information about the spatial coordinates of this segment in the image. The value of the specified color parameter for each segment during image processing is denoted by a conventional color. Placing a segment on an image is determined by its spatial coordinates entered in the database. The effectiveness of SCP using was verified by image processing of the rat against the background of a fragment of the urban landscape. Conclusions. The results of image processing of the rat show the effectiveness of contrast increasing of the silhouette of the animal, which increases the efficiency of video recording of numbers and migrations of the gray rats in urban conditions.

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