Studies conducted to study the effect of the use of combinations of bird droppings and mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers on the yield of grain crops in a crop rotation showed that this technique can significantly increase the productivity of arable land. On average, over three years of research, the increase in the use of mineral fertilizers and bird droppings was 45.3–46.6 % higher than in the variant without fertilizers. The use of organic mineral fertilizers obtained on the basis of bird droppings with mineral enrichment highly effective intake, grain productivity of spring wheat and oats even in adverse weather conditions exceeded the control options by 44–47 %. Conducted comparative analysis of the options with mineral fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers showed that the latter are not inferior in direct effect, and in some cases even superior to the mineral counterpart. Comparative production tests have confirmed the significant economic efficiency of using complex organomineral fertilizers compared to its industrial mineral counterpart.
Application of fertilizers in grain fallow rotation in the central part of Kurgan region increased the productivity of grain crops by 3.0-22.1% and enhanced the quality of grain as well. The application of lime affected the composition of SAC and acidity of chernozem. Combined application of lime and sapropel reduced the hydrolytic acidity of leached chernozem by 1.2 mol. equiv./100 g of soil and increased base saturation from 81.1% to 88.2%.
The study and analysis of the morphological markers of chernozemic soils erosion class have determined that typical chernozem on slopes with inclination from 3 to 4 degrees of both southern and northern facing features weak to moderate outwash of humic layers; leached chernozem features weak to strong outwash. Water erosion is more prominent on slopes with southern facing. Using the results of regression analysis and data on minimal and critical content of fertilizer elements and humus in chernozemic soils of the Southern Urals, the grading scale for the erosion class of eroded soils was calculated that allows determining the erosion degree with minimum costs and decide on the necessity of activities stopping the erosion and enhancing soil fertility. The scale calculates threshold parameters that segregate groups of soils by erosion level depending on the slope facing, relief, vegetation and intensity of land use for farming; in total, three soil groups were identified in terms of erosion level: acceptable, unacceptable and critical.
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