-The objective of this work was to evaluate the gas exchange, leaf temperature, yield and water use efficiency in 'Tommy Atkins' mango under irrigation deficit strategies. The experimental design was randomized block, with seven treatments with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under micro-spray and five treatments with partial root-zone drying (PRD) under drip irrigation. The treatments on RDI consisted of application of 100, 75 and 50% of ETc at the stages S1 (beginning of flowering to fruit set) S2 (fruit development) and S3 (fruit physiological maturation). The treatments on PRD consisted of application of 100, 80, 60 and 40% of ETc, in the same three stages, alternating the irrigation side every 15 days. The regulated deficit irrigation causes less negative interference in gas exchange than the partial root-zone drying, and the climate factors affect the gas exchange and leaf temperature of 'Tommy Atkins' mango more than the regulated deficit irrigation. The partial root-zone drying irrigation with 60 and 40% of ETc causes a decrease in the 'Tommy Atkins' mango yield. The regulated deficit irrigation up to 50% of ETc, applied at the fruit maturation stage, maintain the yield and water use efficiency.Keywords: Water deficit. Irrigation management. Mangifera indica. Gas exchange. PARÂMETROS FISIOLÓGICOS E PRODUTIVOS EM MANGUEIRAS 'TOMMY ATKINS' SOB ESTRATÉGIAS DE DÉFICIT DE IRRIGAÇÃORESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas, temperatura foliar, produtividade e eficiência de uso da água em mangueira "Tommy Atkins" sob irrigação com déficit. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizado, com sete tratamentos para a irrigação com déficit controlado (RDI) sob microaspersão e com cinco tratamentos para a irrigação lateralmente alternada (PRD) sob gotejamento. No manejo RDI os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de 100, 75 e 50% da ETc nas fases F1 (início da floração até o pegamento dos frutos), F2 (desenvolvimento do fruto), e F3 (maturação fisiológica do fruto). No manejo pelo PRD os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de 100, 80, 60 e 40% da ETc nas três fases com alternância do lado irrigado de 15 dias. Verificou-se que a irrigação com déficit controlado causa menos interferências negativas nas trocas gasosas que a irrigação lateralmente alternada e as trocas gasosas e temperatura foliar da mangueira "Tommy Atkins" sofrem maiores influências de elementos do clima que da irrigação com déficit controlado. A irrigação lateralmente alternada com 60 e 40% da ETc ocasiona queda na produção da mangueira "Tommy Atkins". Irrigação com déficit controlado com até 50% da ETc aplicados na fase de maturação do fruto mantem a produtividade e a eficiência de uso da água.Palavras-chaves: Déficit hídrico. Manejo da irrigação. Mangifera indica. Trocas gasosas.
Knowledge of the cactus pear root distribution system can improve management of the plant by defining the areas of soil best suited to fertilizer application and the installation of soil moisture sensors under irrigation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the root distribution of cactus pear genotypes under different water replacement levels. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using genetic material from two cactus pear genotypes (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill. and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and six water replacement levels based on reference evapotranspiration - ET0 (T1, no irrigation; T2, 15%; T3, 30%; T4, 45%; T5, 60% and T6, 75% of ET0), arranged in split-plot, with irrigation treatments allocated to the plots and the genetic material to the sub-plots, and three replicates. The roots of the cultivars were collected for analysis of root length density (RLD) 390 days after planting. The RDL of very fine roots declines as depth and distance from the plant base increases and total, fine, small and medium RDL rise at higher water replacement levels; 75% of ET0 near the plant base increases RDL; all the root diameter classes are concentrated at a distance of 0-0.20 m from the plant base and depth of 0.10 to 0.25 m; the RDL percentage is higher for the Gigante genotype and Miuda exhibits better root distribution.
A irrigação contínua, principalmente no semiárido pode enriquecer o solo com sais prejudiciais à sua fertilidade, inviabilizando o cultivo de fruteiras devido ao desequilíbrio químico e alteração da disponibilidade de nutrientes. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos e físico-químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico quanto à fertilidade e salinidade, sob mangicultura irrigada com água de aquífero confinado no Norte de Minas Gerais. A amostragem de solo foi realizada nas camadas de 0-0,2; 0,2-0,4; 0,4-0,6 e 0,6-0,8 m de profundidade, em seis estabelecimentos rurais, contendo duas condições em cada um: a) mata nativa e b) centro da área irrigada por microaspersão, onde foram determinados o pH em água, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, H+Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, B e Zn. Também, na água de irrigação de cada estabelecimento, foram avaliados o pH, condutividade elétrica, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- e a RAS. A irrigação com água de aquífero carbonático aumenta os teores de cálcio, eleva o pH e diminui a disponibilidade do manganês, aumenta a relação Ca/Mg e Ca/K no solo cultivado com mangueira 'Palmer'.
SUMMARY:We aimed to understand two strategies of deficit irrigation and their effects on yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) in 'Tommy Atkins' mango trees, for three consecutive cycles. In the experiment with Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI), the treatments were: T1, full irrigation at every fruit development stage, 100% of ETc; T2, 100% of Etc at stages II and III Rootzone Drying (PRD) for the three crop stages: T1, 100% of ETc, conventional dripping irrigation; T2, 100%; T3, 80% of ETc; T4, 60% of ETc and T5, 40% of ETc. As for the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, the side to be irrigated was alternated every 15 days. At the end of 3 production cycles, we observed a reduction in productivity when RDI was applied at SI.The water-use efficiency was higher in the first cycle in relation to the third cycle under RDI.The PRD with 80% of ETc maintains the productivity and with 40% of ETc, increases WUE. KEYWORDS: evapotranspiration, fruit production, Mangifera indica IRRIGAÇÃO COM DÉFICIT EM CICLOS CONSECUTIVOS
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