Parboiled rice atau yang dikenal dengan beras pratanak adalah pengolahan gabah yang bertujuan untuk menaikkan persentase rendemen giling dan menurunkan persentase kadar glukosa sehingga dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes melitus dan obesitas. Parboiled rice ini untuk mendapatkannya harus melakukan proses perendaman dan pengukusan dari gabah kemudian dikeringkan dan digiling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa mutu fisik dan mutu gizi gabah varietas cisokan secara pratanak. Mutu fisik yang dievaluasi meliputi ukuran, bentuk, bulk density, kadar air, dan rendemen, sedangkan nilai gizi meliputu kadar gulosa dan kandungan pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan rendemen giling pada perlakuan setelah dikukus 30 menit yaitu 79,965% dibandingkan beras tanpa proses pratanak. Proses pratanak juga dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa pada beras 0,529% dan menaikkan kadar pati menjadi 78,614%.
A Michaelis-Menten equation was proposed for predicting the respiration rate of chili as a function of O2 concentration at 15°C. The respiration rate as O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured using the flow-through system method. The low oxygen limit of chili was also determined by the respiratory quotient. Chili was stored at 15°C at various O2 concentration. Using of Michaelis-Menten type respiration model provided an excellent prediction to examine the behavior of the respiration rate of chili at any O2 concentration. The lower O2 limit obtained in this study could be used to estimate the optimum condition in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) of chili.
Passion fruit seeds are rich in fat. Oil of the seeds can be obtained through mechanical extraction. Moisture content is one of the factors, determine the result extraction of the seeds. This study investigates the effects of moisture content towards oil produced by pressing tests using a screw press. The seeds were conditioned at 5%, 7%, and 11% moisture content (wet basis); pressing temperature, 62°C. Chemical analyses i.e. refractive index and peroxide value, are conducted to determine the quality of oil through treatment of moisture content that produces the most oil. The result shows that oil yield increases with the increasing moisture content of the seeds. The highest amount of oil (12.32%) produced by 11% moisture content. The 7% of moisture content showed the highest unsaturated fatty acid, which was 70.928±17.430% (linoleic acid) and 17.947±6.944% (oleic acid). These results indicated that passion fruit seeds oil has possibility as edible vegetable oils.
Post-harvest handling will affect the quality of agricultural commodities. One of the main post-harvest activities of orange fruit is grading. Grading is an activity to separate or classify orange fruit based on certain criteria such as size, weight, and color according to the applicable quality standard. This grading activity is important because it will determine the next handling process. Generally, orange grading activities are done manually, this was chosen because the process can be faster, but the manual grading has weakness e.g less efficient and requires more man power. Using the man power in determining product quality are based on experience, guesswork and tend to be subjective because it is in accordance with the perceptions of human being. A grading system and machines that use controls were developed to obtain a more uniform product based on color and size is an alternative to overcome this problem, . Nowadays, the grading process has been developed with an automation system using electronic and mechanical devices so that the results are more effective and accurate. The grading process of orange fruit with a divider door that uses image processing application and a microcontroller will have more precise and objective capability. It will be more profitable than manual grading in the future life. The aim of this research is to design a machine grading system based on the Arduino microcontroller. The grading machine uses an image processing application that reads the diameter value and skin color of the orange, Arduino microcontroller is used to separate oranges based on its quality class using a divider door connected to a stepper motor. The design of the orange grading machine has a size of 1.35 cm × 74 cm and has 4 grading classes, i.e class A, class B, class C and class D. The design of the divider door for the orange grading machine has 2 trapezoid-shaped doors, the length of the first door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 26 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The length of the second door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 22 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The percentage of suitability of the results of the grading machine with a dividing door compared to manual grading of oranges is 97%. Image processing error percentage is 14%. The capacity of the orange grading machine model with a dividing doors is 300 items / hour and the efficiency value of the orange grading machine model is 55.66%.
Orange is one of preference agricultural products by consumers, because it has several benefits suchas vitamin C and antioxidants. The fruit is often used for gift when someone visits the relatives, thus the quality of orange is mostly detected by visual suchas size and skin color of the fruit. Determination of the quality is done manually because it takes faster. The manual grading has the weakness and less effisien, resulting several quality gradings and needs man power more. Using the man power tend to be subjective judgement. One of the ways to increase the productivity to determine the orange quality is that using grading methode using technology real time digital analysis mechanically. The aims of the resarch is to design of grading machine and grading program based on diameter and skin color of the orange that analysed by real time image processing. Based on the research result, this system can be applied on orange grading. The capacity of the manual grading is 1,276 fruit/hour,meanwhile capacity of the grading system is 712.87 fruit/hour. From the speed of the process and grading capacity, the manual methode is better instead of grading system using image processing. Meanwhile for the quality of the grading, Using the grading system based on the image processing can be said that it is suitable toward the standard. If using manual grading, it use the principle of habit, without really measure specifically and detail.
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