Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Manurung IR, Cahyono O. 2021. Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp. orchids from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1991-1995. Orchid is one of the ornamental plants with great economic value in various communities. Characterization and grouping of several orchid species can be used in breeding efforts to obtain hybrid with the desired traits. This study is aimed to characterize the morphological appearance of Phaius orchids and to cluster the species based on their similarity in morphological characteristics. Five species of Phaius (P. tankervilleae, P. indigoferus, P. montanus, P. amboinensis, and P. callosus) of the collection of the Bogor Botanical Garden were observed based on 30 morphological characters including the characters of stems, pseudobulbs, leaves and flowers. The data obtained were converted into binary data and computed using the Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) Spc 2.02 program to produce dendrogram. The results show that based on the morphological characterization of the five species of Phaius spp., they have similarities from 63% to 80%. Among the five Phaius species, P. amboinensis, P. tankervilleae, and P. montanus had 80% similarity and can be used as parents for crossing.
Indigofera tinctoria natural dye extraction waste has not been utilized become environmental pollution can encourage climate change. Climate change causes land degradation and decreased crop productivity. Management of the waste into organic fertilizer and used in plant cultivation need to mitigate climate change. This study aimed to examine the role of organic fertilizer from natural dye waste in obtaining the optimum dose in supporting the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer from the extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. with 11 levels (0 g/plant, 50 g/plant, 100 g/plant, 150 g/plant, 200 g/plant, 250 g/plant, 300 g/plant, 350 g/plant, 400 g/plant, 450 g/plant, and 500 g/plant). The results showed that the natural dye extraction waste could be used as organic fertilizer to support the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. Application of organic fertilizer at a dose of 50 g/plant showed an increase in the plant height of 14% and number of leaves by 124%. The dose of organic fertilizer of 350 g/plant is the optimum dose in producing the high number of leaves, leaf area index, and plant biomass.
Climate change can affect the diversity and growth of tropical plants, one of which is Sambiloto. Sambiloto is a wild plant with medicinal potential that is experiencing scarcity due to climate change in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the agroecological suitability of Sambiloto. The research was carried out using the survey method. The survey method includes the study of description and identification and the distribution pattern of sambiloto. The results showed that Sambiloto could grow at an altitude of 180 – 861 meters above sea level with a temperature of 20.32 °C -26.93 °C, relative humidity 78% - 87%, rainfall 2053.2-3555.6 mm/year. Sambiloto can grow on soils with moderate N, low P, low Mg, very low to low Ca, low to moderate organic C, while the pH is slightly acidic to acidic. The distribution pattern of sambiloto in the middle and lowlands is clustered, while in the highlands, it is uniform. The highest andrographolide content was obtained from sambiloto in the middle plains (2.27%), while in the lowlands (1.37%) and highlands (0.89%). Sambiloto is more commonly found in the middle lands (RD 76.87%, RF 10%, RK 27.75%, IVI 114.62%) than in the lowlands (RD 59.50%, RF 9.09%, RK 31.41%, IVI 99.98%), and highlands. (RD 42.20%, RF 3.88%, RK 11.62%, and IVI 78.21%).
Management of Indigofera tinctoria as a natural dye produces organic waste that has not been utilized. One of the proper managements of organic waste is to process it into organic fertilizer. This study examines the role of organic fertilizer waste and mycorrhizae on the growth and yield of Indigofera tinctoria. The study used a completely randomized block design with two factors: organic waste fertilizer and mycorrhizae. The results showed that organic fertilizers and mycorrhizae did not affect the net assimilation and leaf area indexes. The combination of organic fertilizers with mycorrhizae supports leaf growth. The combination of 400 g.plant−1 organic fertilizer and 10 g.plant−1 mycorrhizal fertilizer increased the number of leaves by 257%. Organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the fresh weight of the crown, fresh weight and root biomass. Organic fertilizer dose of 200 g.plant−1 increased fresh root weight, root biomass and fresh crown weight by 68.5%, 68.29% and 63.27% respectively. Mycorrhizae 10 g.plant−1 increased root length by 23.54%. Leaf growth correlated with length, fresh weight and root biomass. Organic fertilizer from the extraction of Indigofera tinctoria is an effort to achieve zero waste to support plant growth.
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