A textile-based energy storage device with electroactive PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) polymer functioning as a solid-state polyelectrolyte has been developed. The device was fabricated on textile fabric with two plies of stainless-steel electroconductive yarn as the electrodes. In this study, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance analysis were used to investigate ionic and electronic activities in the bulk of PEDOT:PSS and at its interfaces with stainless steel yarn electrodes. The complex behavior of ionic and electronic origins was observed in the interfacial region between the conductive polymer and the electrodes. The migration and diffusion of the ions involved were confirmed by the presence of the Warburg element with a phase shift of 45° (n = 0.5). Two different equivalent circuit models were found by simulating the model with the experimental results: (QR)(QR)(QR) for uncharged and (QR)(QR)(Q(RW)) for charged samples. The analyses also showed that the further the distance between electrodes, the lower the capacitance of the cell. The distribution of polymer on the cell surface also played important role to change the capacitance of the device. The results of this work may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism and how to improve the performance of the device.
Conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS, sandwiched between two conductive yarns, has been proven to have capacitive behavior in our textile energy storage devices. Full understanding of its underlying mechanism is still intriguing. The effect of the PEDOT to PSS ratio and the configuration of the electrode yarns are the focus of this study. Three commercial PEDOT:PSS yarns, Clevios P-VP-AI-4083, Ossila AI 4083, and Orgacon ICP 1050, as well as stainless steel and silver-coated polybenzoxazole (Ag/PBO) yarns, in various combinations, were used as solid electrolytes and electrodes, respectively. Analyses with NMR, ICP-OES, TGA, and resistivity measurement were employed to characterize the PEDOT:PSS. The device charge-discharge performance was measured by the Arduino microcontroller. Clevios and Ossila were found to have identical characteristics with a similar ratio, that is, 1:5.26, hence a higher resistivity of 1000 Ω.cm, while Orgacon had a lower PEDOT to PSS ratio, that is, 1:4.65, with a lower resistivity of 0.25–1 Ω.cm. The thermal stability of PEDOT:PSS up to 250 °C was proven. Devices with PEDOT:PSS having lower conductivity, such as Clevios P-VP-AI-4083 or Ossila AI 4083, showed capacitive behavior. For a better charge-discharge profile, it is also suggested that the PEDOT to electrode resistance should be low. These results led to a conclusion that a larger ratio of PEDOT to PSS, having higher resistivity, is more desirable, but further research is needed.
The work focused on studying the eff ect of charging voltage level and the absence of electrode between the measured electrodes on the charge storage profi le. The device was applied on a three layered of 5 x 5 cm laminated textile fabric with hydrophobic surface. Stainless steel fi lament yarns were used as electrodes. As electrolyte, seven layers of the electro-active polymer PEDOT:PSS dispersion was consecutively drop-coated and dried under the temperature of 90-100 °C. During the course of the experiments, the devices were charged and discharged and their response or voltage decay was recorded. The results showed that the higher the charging voltage, the higher the amount of charges stored. The increase in the output voltage was not proportional to the input voltage which means that the device did not behave as either a pure capacitor or a pure battery. The ions movement was confi rmed to be involved in the charge-discharge mechanism of the device.
The photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of an anthraquinone-based reactive dye, C.I. Reactive Blue 19, was carried out in laboratory-scale experiments with the systematic variation of several operational parameters, including electron acceptor (hydrogen peroxide) concentration, initial pH, use of buffer solution, aeration, and the specific chemical nature of the buffer solution. Photodegradation was performed under simulated natural light, and conditions were chosen to mimic those found in industry. Mineralization and decolorization were monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and total organic carbon analysis, and kinetics were modelled using an in-series first-order combination mechanism. Reaction products were examined and monitored by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Under the conditions explored, the reaction rate was found to depend not only on pH and electron acceptor concentration, but also on the specific chemical nature of the buffer used.
Unusual noisy discharge profiles were observed from some of our textile-based energy storage devices having asymmetrical electrodes consisting of pure stainless steel and silver-coated polybenzoxazole yarns. Our hypothesis was that it was due to the ionic shot noise behavior that occurred in electrochemical devices and is a well-known phenomenon in electronic devices. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer coverage on the cell surface, which functioned as a solid electrolyte in this system, was believed to play an important role. To confirm this assumption, devices made with different drop-coating strategies to obtain thin and thick layers of PEDOT:PSS polymer on the cell surface were prepared. The noisy discharge profiles were observed from devices with thin polymer layers, while those with thick layers exhibited normal discharge profiles. The morphology of cell surfaces was characterized by a stereo microscope. Cross-section analysis of a device with a thick layer was employed to further characterize its film formation and elemental properties using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy. Formation of multilayers of PEDOT:PSS polymer on the cell surface allowed a continuous interaction between electrode metals and PEDOT:PSS ions at the interface area. The noisy component was caused by the movement of silver ions hopping from one trap to the next. A qualitative model of the autocorrelation function executed to the data with noisy behavior further confirmed the ionic shot noise phenomenon.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a capacitor fully integrated into a wearable textile fabric for the application on smart clothing. Design/methodology/approach A small capacitor with stainless steel yarns as the electrodes and poly-(3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene): polystryrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the dielectric material has been made, integrated into a textile fabric. The electric performance of the capacitor was analyzed and compared with other kinds of electric capacitors. Findings The fabricated small, PEDOT:PSS capacitor could finally power a calculator for 37 s with the energy stored in it. Originality/value This finding is of an important significance for a further development on the capacitor with a better performance.
Peningkatan kemampuan kain sintetik untuk memproteksi efek negatif radiasi ultraviolet (UV) dapat diperoleh dengan proses penyempurnaan menggunakan nanopartikel seng oksida (ZnO). Teknologi konvensional yang menggunakan modifikasi permukaan dengan penyempurnaan basah ataupun teknologi plasma sebagian besar memiliki kekurangan, terutama dalam hal durabilitas sifat fungsional. Salah satu metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan durability sifat fungsional kain adalah melalui pembuatan filamen dengan metode pemintalan leleh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan filamen yang memiliki sifat antiUV dan durability yang lebih baik daripada proses pad-dry-cure (rendam peras-pengeringan-pemanasawetan). Pembuatan filamen fungsional anti ultraviolet diawali dengan pembuatan campuran nanopartikel seng oksida dan chip polipropilena dengan variasi konsentrasi nanopartikel ZnO sebelum diproses pada mesin pemintalan leleh skala laboratorium. Metode pencampuran chip polipropilena dan nanopartikel ZnO yang digunakan adalah bikomponen dengan penampang filamen core and sheath. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap morfologi filamen, nomor benang, dan kekuatan tarik benang serta performa antiUV melalui pengukuran ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). Hasil penelitian pada filamen dengan konsentrasi nanopartikel ZnO mulai dari 0 -1% menunjukkan peningkatan nilai UPF mulai dari 87-241% dan penurunan kekuatan tarik benang mulai dari 7,4-15,4%. Performa terbaik didapatkan pada filamen dengan konsentrasi nanopartikel ZnO 0,75% yang memiliki hasil UPF kain sebesar 8,2, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kain hasil penyempurnaan menggunakan proses pad-dry-cure yang hanya memiliki nilai 3,9.
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