Indonesia is an archipelago that has extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,7 million km2and has a very strategic geographical position which is between two oceans make Indonesia rich in fish resources. It is ironic that most of the fishermen living under the poverty line. With this condition, we need to reform the system of fisheries policies contained in the Indonesian EEZ. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mempunyai luas ZEE 2,7 juta km2 dan posisi geografis negara Indonesia yang sangat strategis yang diapit oleh dua samudera menjadikan Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya ikannya. Ironisnya justru tingkat kehidupan nelayannya sebagian besar berada di bawah garis kemiskinan. Kondisi ini diperlukan upaya pembenahan dalam sistem kebijakan perikanan yang terdapat di ZEE Indonesia.
Sellers and buyers experience problems in e-commerce transactions and that causes is not understanding in details of legal provisions in the sale and purchase agreement that will be faced. In addition, people does not pay attention in the risks that can be occurs from buying and selling transaction via internet. One of the areas where people often experience various problems in e-commerce transactions are in Blok Duku RT 10/RW 10, Cibubur, East Jakarta area. One of the efforts taken to overcome this problem is to socialize the Law on Consumer Protection and provides tips for people around as a seller or buyers to understand the contents of the sale and purchase agreement, also understand the problems and risks that can be occur from e-commerce transaction. At this level, online socialization is needed. Within this activity, people around that area who once did not have a complete and clear knowledge of the problems in e-commerce transaction became understand. In addition, the target achievements will result that people around that area gets an adequate understanding in the safety of e-commerce transaction. The output of this activity will be form of article in journal publised by Universitas Tarumanagara. The socialization of this activity are carry out by survey methods, lectures, and question and answer sessions. Thus, people around that area could understand the risks to be faced and able to be feel safety in e-commerce transactions.ABSTRAK:Pelaku usaha maupun konsumen banyak mengalami berbagai permasalahan dalam transaksi e-commerce dan hal yang sering menjadi penyebab adalah tidak memahami secara mendetail mengenai ketentuan hukum dalam perjanjian jual beli dan berbagai risiko-risiko yang akan dihadapi. Selain itu, masyarakat juga tidak memperhatikan risiko-risiko yang dapat terjadi dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media internet. Salah satu daerah yang masyarakatnya sering mengalami berbagai permasalahan dalam transaksi e-commerce adalah di daerah Blok Duku RT 10/ RW 10, Cibubur, Jakarta-Timur. Salah satu upaya yang ditempuh dalam mengatasi persoalan tersebut, yaitu melakukan sosialisasi Undang-undang mengenai Perlindungan Konsumen dan memberikan kiat-kiat supaya masyarakat sebagai penjual ataupun pembeli memahami isi perjanjian jual beli dan mengetahui hak-haknya serta memahami masalah dan risiko yang dapat timbul dari transaksi e-commerce. Pada level ini diperlukan sosialisasi secara online. Melalui kegiatan ini, warga sekitar yang semula tidak mempunyai pengetahuan yang utuh dan jelas mengenai permasalahan dalam transaksi e-commerce menjadi paham. Selain itu, target capaian yang akan dihasilkan adalah masyarakat mendapatkan suatu pemahaman yang memadai berkenaan dengan transaksi e-commerce yang aman. Luaran kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa tulisan dalam artikel di jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Universitas Tarumanagara. Pelaksanaan sosialisasi pengabdian kepada masyarakan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode survei, ceramah dan sesi tanya jawab. Dengan demikian, masyarakat dapat memahami akan risiko-risiko yang akan dihadapi sehingga dapat melakukan transaksi e-commerce yang aman
Sebelum Indonesia meratifikasi UNCLOS 1982, Indonesia telah mempunyai aturan dalam hukum nasionalnya yang mengatur tentang zona ekonmi eksklusif, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia. Kemudian Indonesia pada tahun 1985 baru melakukan tindakan ratifikasi. Hal ini berarti sebelum tindakan ini dilakukan, maka Indonesia harus melihat aturan-aturan hukum nasional dan menyelaraskannya dengan UNCLOS 1982 tersebut. Dengan telah diratifikasinya UNCLOS 1982 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 1985 telah menjadikan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1983 yang mengatur Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia dapat diterapkan dalam lingkup internsional, karena undang-undang tersebut sudah sesuai dengan UNCLOS 1982.
Law enforcement against illegal fishing in Natuna Waters during the Covid-19 pandemic is very important, especially considering frequent illegal fishing cases during the pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the efforts that have been made by the Indonesian Government to solve the illegal fishing cases that have occurred in Indonesia, regarding to the protection of fishermen, especially in Natuna Waters. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the government regarding the form of law enforcement that have been carried out, utilizing various existing government policies and regulations, as well as the implementation of these regulations in the field, both in preventive, responsive and repressive efforts, in regards to illegal fishing cases in Natuna Waters. To study this, it is necessary to analyze various juridical reviews of the rights and obligations of the Indonesian State in Indonesian waters, data on the number of illegal fishing cases in Indonesia and in the Natuna region, and general analysis of illegal fishing cases. Furthermore, it should also include the type of facilities and infrastructure that must be strengthened. Using the method of normative legal analysis, we found several weaknessesin the legal norms.
The establishment of diplomatic relations aims to strengthen a relationships between state. The establishment of diplomatic relations is based on mutual consent between two states. After consent has been reached, each state can dispatch members of the mission .The function of a member of the missions is to represent the sending state, to protect the interests of the sending state and its nationals, to negotiate, Ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and to promote friendly relations between the sending country and the receiving country. The Vienna Convention 1961 on diplomatic relations provides immunity and privilege to members of the missions in carrying out diplomatic functions . Such immunity and privilege are granted not for personal gain, it is provided to facilitate members of the missions in performing diplomatic functions. One of the forms of immunity is Inviolability. Inviolability of members of the missions is regulated by Article 29 of Vienna Convention 1961. Article 29 stated that the receiving state shall take appropriate measures to prevent any attack on members of the missions. But if the receiving state fails to protect the members of the missions, is there any legal consequence and state’s responsibility ?. The author is interested to raise the issue into a thesis.
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