The study figured out dynamic interactions between forests and the Malays in Sumatera (i.e. Riau Province), Indonesia. The interactions observed in this study indicate that in many cases human activities resulted in a direct impact on forest degradation, but at the same time some people have fought to protect the forests. This study also revealed that the forest is undeniable natural resources. Even though the forest is susceptible to human activities because it can easily be explored. History had shown from colonial to independence that forest is an important resource to contribute to state foreign exchange, due to business permit issued by the government for companies to manage natural forests. Somehow, that policy impacted on forest degradation quickly. In every period, the pressure to protect forests is always accompanied by the state’s policy. The interactions between humans and forests are mostly affected by external factors, including trading natural resources for economic interest.
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi forma integrifolius S. Agustika, S. Santiago and A.P. Keim is a new forma described from Kelapan Island in the Bangka and Belitung Province, Indonesia. This new forma is identified through the distinctive morphological character of spineless leaf margin. These facts are important to be explained related to the unique morphological phenomenon recently discovered in a small population of P. tectorius found in one of the small islands around Bangka Island. The result showed that the phenomenon of spineless leaves in P. tectorius found in Kelapan Island is related with the absence of predator, especially frugivore that consume the fruit of the species. In other words, the complete absence of bats in Kelapan Island apparently triggers the individuals of P. tectorius in the island to stop developing the spines in the leaf margin in order to protect the fruits from predators. The people of Kelapan Island harvest the leaves of P. tectorius for making mats.
<p>Pasar tradisional merupakan salah satu lokasi penyediaan pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari, antara lain bahan obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dan mendokumentasikan keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaat-kan oleh etnis Sunda di Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei pasar, dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan langsung dan wawancara terstruktur dan terbuka dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling terhadap penjajaramuan obat herbal di Pasar Bogor, Pasar Anyar (Kebon Kembang), Pasar Sukasari, dan pengobat tradisional (batra) Sringganis. Hasil observasi dan wawancara tercatat 74 spesies tumbuhan, yang termasuk dalam 62 genus dari 36 famili dan 1 spesies lichen/lumut kerak diguna-kan sebagai bahan obat. Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan dan pengobatan tradisional. Batuk merupakan penyakit paling umum di antara macam penyakit lainnya yang dapat diobati menggunakan tumbuhan obat dari pasar tradisional. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat melestarikan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat lokal tentang keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat di lingkungan sekitarnya.</p>
Farming is an activity carried out by humans to utilize biological resources, especially for producing food. Bale Village, Oba District, Tidore, Halmahera Island, North Maluku is inhabited by the Makian ethnic group, originating from Makian Island. They are local transmigrants. In this study, researchers conducted direct observation and interviews with key informants who had expertise and information in agriculture at the research location. The results showed that the farming is carried out in yards (kintal) and fields (doba). The agricultural pattern implemented by the Makian people is still traditional. They still use simple technology. Coconut, nutmeg, cocoa, and coffee are the Makian people’s main commodities. The local wisdom that is still practiced by them is planting and harvesting their agricultural products according to the customs of their ancestors. They also do not sell their agricultural land to outsiders.
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