<p>Orchids are generally cultivated for their flower. To induce flower initiation in Phalaenopsis amabilis orchid, genetic and physiological approaches were developed. Genetic modification by insertion of P. amabilis Flowering Locus T (PaFT) gene driven by Ubiquitin promoter into orchid genome using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas physiological approach was conducted by the use of growth regulators: N6benzyladenine (BA) (1, 3, 9) mg.L-1 or gibberellic acid (GA3) (5, 10, 15) mg.L-1 alone or in combination in culture medium. Orchid seeds were sown on New Phalaenopsis (NP) medium for 8 weeks, then subcultured on NP liquid medium + BA + GA3 with shaking for 9 weeks. Developping protocorms were spread on NP solid medium, then supplemented with NP liquid medium + BA + GA3 (5:2). Cultures were maintained at 25oC with a photoperiod of 8 hrs light/16 hrs dark. For genetic transformation, 3 weeks old protocorms were immersed overnight in cultures of A. tumefaciens with T-DNA harboring Ubipro::PaFT and Hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene as selectable marker. Phenotypic analysis was carried out from 5-20 plants, each of them was observed for leaf and root number and lengths, comparing with untreated plants. Shoots with normal phenotype were generated from all treatments. RT-PCR analysis from 3 plants each of 4 weeks-24 months old-WT plants, 6 months old phytohormone treated plants and also 12 and 24 months old transgenic plants showed that POH1 juvenile gene transcript can be detected at juvenile stage of WT and PaFT mRNA was expressed in late stage after 6 months old WT plants. In all phytohormone treated plants and transgenic orchid both POH1 anf PaFT transcripts can be detected in 5, 12 and 24-months old plants, but no flower initiation was occurred. It indicates that post transcriptional inhibition might be occurred, and it needs to be explored.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: in vitro, flower, PaFT, growth regulators, Orchids</p>
This research aims to find out the design, validity, and practicality of e-books based on problem-based learning as a teaching material for environmental change and waste recycling for grade X at MAN Karangasem. This type of research is research & development (R&D) using a 4-D development model which is modified into three stages, namely define, design, and develop. After the e-book was developed, then an assessment was carried out with validity tests by material experts and media experts and practicality tests by testing 3 students in grade X IPA 3 in an individual test, and 9 students from grade X IPA 3 in a small group test. The location of this research is at MAN Karangasem. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively to determine the validity and practicality of PBL-based e-books. The results of this study indicate, (1) e-books based on PBL are designed in an attractive manner where the content of the material is adapted to PBL syntax, consisting of 3 sub-chapters, in each sub-chapter there are several interactive features and in accordance with the PBL syntax. PBL such as Bio-Earth News, Bio Let's Thinking, Bio MiniLab&Activyty, Bio Anova, Bio Best Info and Bio Funzone, (2) the validity of e-books based on PBL is 91.9% which is included in the very feasible criteria, and (3) the practicality of e-books based on PBL of 90.5% are included in the very practical criteria. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the e-books based on PBL that was developed was very feasible and very practical as a teaching material on environmental change and waste recycling materials for grade X at MAN Karangasem.
The forest in Wanagiri Village about 1.055 ha, and almost 250 ha of that forest managed as “village forest”. Village forest is the forest that is used by villagers, and in addition to being a natural reservoir area and maintaining water availability. This research aims to explored diversity and abundance soil insects that play a role in maintaining soil fertility. Surface insects were collected using the pitfall trap method, while infauna or ground insects were collected using the core method. The site of this research consists of 8 plots each site with random purposive sampling. The results showed that macrofauna species were higher than infauna. The diversity Index of soil insects is in the low category (0.355987).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.