This study investigates the protective effect of Egyptian acacia pod extracts against overdose of paracetamol‐induced liver damage. Egyptian acacia green and brown pods were extracted by mixture of ethanol 80%: HCl (6 M) (99:1 v/v). In extracts of green and brown pods, total phenolic content in hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) at pH 4, was 649.89 and 712.14 mg GAE/g while antioxidant activity was 95.55% and 97.35%, both being the highest than any fraction. HEF (pH 4) in brown pods was analyzed by HPLC, there were 22 phenolic compounds rich in ethyl vanillin about 227 mg/g and 11 flavonoids rich in catechin 48.70 mg/g. A biological experiment was conducted using HEF (pH4) in brown pods against overdose of paracetamol in albino rats induced to hepatotoxicity. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; a control group, a paracetamol group, and the other three received paracetamol plus silymarin or two doses of HEF. Animals were received paracetamol and treated with either silymarin or HEF showed reduced levels of liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) and kidney (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) markers compared with the control group as well as reduction of oxidative stress and increment antioxidant enzyme activity in liver tissue when compared with the paracetamol group. It could be concluded that both HEF and silymarin are considerably high hepatoprotector against paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats due to their strong antioxidant activity. Practical applications Both HEF and silymarin improved liver functions and exerted strong antioxidant activities. This antioxidant activity would have a positive effect against oxidative liver damage caused by parcetamol. Thus, it may be concluded that the liver plasma membranes were protected and the regenerative and reparative capacity of liver by phenolic compound in HEF treatment. The study demonstrated the HEF hepatoprotective activity and recommends using Egyptian acacia pods for treatment of liver disorders.

In this study, effect of taro peel and taro pulp extracts pre-treatments compared with those of cabbage on oxidative enzyme activities of frozen banana pulp and dried banana rings was investigated. Therefore, fresh banana rings were dipped in natural extracts from cabbage, taro peel and taro pulp. The effects of this pretreatment, freezing and drying on oxidative enzymes activity, colour characteristics, and total phenol contents of banana pulp and rings were recorded. The best used concentration of cabbage, taro peel and pulp extracts pretreatment was found to be 15%, hence it improved the final acceptability and inhibited oxidative enzymes (PPO, POD and catalase) activity for banana pulp and rings. However, it could be noticed that addition of taro pulp extract at 15% in the soaking solution took place as the inhibition of 54%, 44% and 54% for PPO, POD and CAT, respectively increased in banana pulp. Meanwhile, such addition showed 44%, 46% and 60% of PPO, POD and CAT, respectively inhibition in banana rings. Generally, the result showed that utilization of taro pulp extracts at 15% prevent any browning for all frozen banana pulp and dried banana rings compared with untreated samples. The banana pulp and rings pretreated with taro pulp extract caused the highest reduction of oxidative enzyme activities followed by Taro peel extract. Results indicated that the treatment with cabbage and taro pulp extracts inhibited PPO, POD and CAT activity after dipping reached to 54, 44 and 54%, respectively. Dried treated banana rings had the highest values for inhibition oxidative enzymes activity sample compared with frozen banana pulp and untreated samples. Also, results showed a decrease in the total phenols content of dried banana rings comparing with frozen banana pulp after pre-treatment with cabbage and taro extracts.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Cupressus sempervirens leaves extract invitro and rat model in which paracetamol was used to induce hepatic damage. The antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activities of eight extracts were studied. Total phenolic compounds and scavenging radical effect on 2, 2diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were investigated, (the specific phenolic and flavonoid composition quantification for hydrolyzed ethyl acetate fraction pH 4 were performed by HPLC E-vanilic, Alpha-coumaric, Salicylic and Ferulic were found as the major phenols. Narengin, Hisperidin, Quercetrin and Hispertin were found as the major flavonoids. Biological experiment was carried out for thirty days. Results revealed that a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, Total bilirubin, TG, Total cholesterol, (LDLC) and nitric oxide in rats treated with paracetamol. However administration of Cupressus sempervirens in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats exhibited a significant decrease in all mentioned parameters on the other hand a significant decrease in serum total protein albumin concentration, (HDLC), Catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione reduced were observed in paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in rats when compared with control normal group. Meanwhile Cupressus sempervirens leaves resulted in significant in all mentioned parameter and when enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue. It could be concluded that, inhibition of peroxidation, inflammation and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant status in rat liver tissue by Cupressus sempervirens suggest the potential efficacy of Cupressus sempervirens as an addition Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic agent in treatment of liver toxicity

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