In this work, poloxamer (PL)-based binary hydrogels, composed of PL 407 and PL 188, were studied with regard to the physicochemical aspects of sol-gel transition and pharmaceutical formulation issues such as dissolution-release profiles. In particular, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and in vivo pharmacological performance of PL 407 and PL 407–PL 188 hydrogels containing tramadol (TR) to analyze its potential treatment of acute pain. Drug–micelle interaction studies showed the formation of PL 407–PL 188 binary systems and the drug partitioning into the micelles. Characterization of the sol-gel transition phase showed an increase on enthalpy variation values that were induced by the presence of TR hydrochloride within the PL 407 or PL 407–PL 188 systems. Hydrogel dissolution occurred rapidly, with approximately 30%–45% of the gel dissolved, reaching ~80%–90% up to 24 hours. For in vitro release assays, formulations followed the diffusion Higuchi model and lower K rel values were observed for PL 407 (20%, K rel =112.9±10.6 μg·h −1/2 ) and its binary systems PL 407–PL 188 (25%–5% and 25%–10%, K rel =80.8±6.1 and 103.4±8.3 μg·h −1/2 , respectively) in relation to TR solution (K rel =417.9±47.5 μg·h −1/2 , P <0.001). In addition, the reduced cytotoxicity (V79 fibroblasts and hepatocytes) and genotoxicity (V79 fibroblasts), as well as the prolonged analgesic effects (>72 hours) pointed to PL-based hydrogels as a potential treatment, by subcutaneous injection, for acute pain.

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The burns treatment is difficult, uncomfortable for the patient, and expensive for health system. Due to antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), these particles can avoid bacterial infection in wound and accelerate the wound healing. Furthermore, the complexation of AgNP with enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) may improve the healing process of lesions due to anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activity of enoxaparin (Enox). The aim of this study was evaluated the activity and toxicity of biogenic AgNP and AgNP complexed with Enox inin vivoburn wound model. AgNP was produced by biosynthesis method usingFusarium oxysporum. AgNP (20–40 nm) exhibited high stability due to protein capping around the particles that was confirmed by TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR. The wound contraction inin vivomodel, after 28 days of treatment, was 55, 89, 91, and 95% for control, Enox, AgNP, and AgNP-Enox groups, respectively. No clear toxic effects in the biochemistry and hematological parameters were verified in all treated groups. However, in the AgNP-Enox group, a statistically significant increase in the urea levels was observed indicating increased proteolysis due to inflammation process. The results demonstrated that the complex AgNP-Enox is interesting for wound healing decreasing the time of lesions healing.

The silver nanoparticles production (~8 nm) byFusarium oxysporumwas evidenced by the presence of the plasmon absorption band. These particles were stable by several months due to protein capping originated by the biogenic process as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles was assayed on V79 fibroblast cell line and were evaluated by tetrazolium reduction and neutral red uptake giving an IC50of 22 μM. Silver nanoparticles impregnation in textile fabrics was made through the padding method and their impregnation was confirmed by SEM-EDS. The antimicrobial tests on the textile fabric were done with different bacteria. These fabrics showed antimicrobial activity against all the studied bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was maintained until the 30ª washes showing the high adhesion of these nanoparticles on the fabric fibers probably due to interaction between protein capping and fibers. Then, it was demonstrated an efficient method of stable silver nanoparticles production and their high adhesion on the textile fabrics.

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