Latar belakang dan tujuan: Makanan yang tersisa masih sangat sering terjadi di berbagai rumah sakit di Indonesia. Standar pelayanan minimal rumah sakit mensyaratkan bahwa sisa makanan pasien tidak boleh lebih dari 20%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah dan biaya yang terbuang akibat sisa makanan pasien.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah survei sampel cross-sectional dengan subyek 68 pasien rawat inap di Kelas 1, 2 dan 3 yang mendapatkan makanan biasa dengan siklus menu 10 hari selama perawatan maksimal 10 hari. Data dikumpulkan dengan tiga cara yaitu observasi sisa makanan, rekam medis dan wawancara. Data tentang sisa makanan diperoleh dengan metode Visual Comstock skala 6 poin. Data tentang umur, jenis kelamin, lama rawat, kelas rawat, dan jenis penyakit pasien diperoleh dari rekam medis. Data tentang persepsi pasien berkaitan dengan penampilan dan rasa makanan diperoleh dengan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan uji independent sampel t-test dan one-way ANOVA.Hasil: Rata-rata jumlah sisa makanan pasien sebesar 14,79%. Pasien yang menyisakan makanan lebih banyak adalah pasien perempuan, umur 50-64 tahun, dirawat di Kelas 2 dan 3 dengan lama rawat ≤ 5 hari. Pasien yang menilai penampilan dan rasa makanan baik cenderung menyisakan makanan lebih sedikit. Rata-rata biaya makan terbuang sehari sebesar Rp. 2.939 per pasien. Dijumpai adanya perbedaan bermakna sisa makanan menurut jenis kelamin, kelompok umur, lama rawat, kelas perawatan, dan persepsi pasien  (p<0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna menurut jenis penyakit dan  siklus menu  (p>0,05).Simpulan: Rata-rata jumlah sisa makanan pasien di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar sudah memenuhi standar pelayanan minimal rumah sakit yaitu kurang dari 20% dengan rata-rata biaya makan terbuang sehari sebesar Rp. 2.939 per pasien.

A cross-sectional study on 222 elderly subjects was carried out at Health Centers in 10 subdistricts in south Jakarta, Indonesia. The anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI), body fat distribution), fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. There was a positive correlation between body fat distribution and serum lipid concentration (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). Body fat distribution appears to be a stronger determinant of serum lipids than BMI.

Aim: This study aims to prove the effect of infant massage stimulation on the improvement of vagal activity and neurological effects (HPA axis) in infants with 6-12 months of nutrition including increased nutritional status, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and decreased cortisol.Method: The design method used for this study was a quasi-experimental with randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. Samples in this study were infants aged 6-12 with undernutrition status as many as 24 person as an intervention group (infant massage interventions and complementary feeding) and 24 people in the control group (provision of supplementary feeding). Infant massage interventions carried out for 3 months. Data collected included body weight, IGF-1 level, and Cortisol.Results: Effective infant massage improves nutritional status (p = 0.035) / (p≤0.05), increases IGF-1 levels (p = 0.002) or (p <0.05), and decreases cortisol levels (p = 0.022) / (p <0.05).Conclusion: Infant massage stimulation increases body weight, IGF-1 level, and reduces cortisol in undernourished infants aged 6-24 months. It is recommended for every mother to apply baby massage stimulation for alternative treatments to improve the nutritional status of infants who are undernourished.

Malnourished in hospitalized patients was reported relatively high (30-50%). It was occurred during hospital care (iatrogenic malnutrition). It was potentially decrease the curing process, prolong length of stay, and rose up the cost of care. A prospective study was conducted in General Central Hospital of Sanglah Denpasar, included 42 male and female of hospitalized patients during period of February -Mart 2006 aged 18 to 70 years. The aim of the study was to assess the change of nutritional status index and nutrient adequacy of the subjects. The parameter of nutritional status (body weight and body mass index) in the first and last day of care, average of food and nutrient intake during hospitalized, estimate nutrient requirement and adequacy, was measured. The average length of stay was varied (6.5±5.25 days). The average macro nutrient intake of the subjects during hospitalized were less than the requirement level: energy (78%), protein (68%), carbohydrate (78%), but not in fat (99%). Macro nutrient adequacy in males were less than females subject. Indexes of nutritional status decreased; body weight (BW) (P 0.016), body mass index (BMI) (P 0.019). It was higher decreasing in males ( BW P 0.029, BMI P 0.027) than females (BW and BMI P>0.05). In conclusion, decreasing of nutritional status of patients was occurred in hospitalized patients. The adequacy of nutrient intake was lower than the requirement level. There are a complex nutritional problems in hospitalized patients. Nutritional service should be performed comprehensively in order to maintain nutritional status and increase curing process of the patients. It should be performed systematically and integrated through the team approach, which is play role in (1) define the diagnosis in term of clinical, biochemical, and nutritional status, (2) measure nutrient requirement and decide the feeding method, (3) carry out the nutritional support intervention, and (4) undertake the monitoring and evaluating as an impact of intervention.

Objectives: In addition to the rise in obesity prevalence globally, morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing. Primary modalities for preventing and managing this problem include dietary modification and improved physical activities. A daily diet with a low n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is suspected to contribute to ameliorating liver steatosis (LS). The present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 in alleviating LS.Methods: Twenty-four young obese women with LS were recruited from Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. They were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Both groups were given linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid at ratios of 2035:970 and 240:100 g, respectively, for 12 weeks. Baseline and end-line data were obtained. All patients were advised to maintain their daily energy intake no more than 1500 kcal and to perform structured physical exercises once a week. Results:The intervention significantly decreased the body fat (body mass index, p=0.040; triglyceride, p=0.008) and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (p=0.002) and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (p=0.004). The severity of LS was reduced through the intervention (odds ratio=0.064; 95% confidence interval=0.013-0.310; p=0.001).Conclusion: An increased intake of 2:1 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio alleviated LS, decreased body fat composition and serum TNF-α levels, and increased serum IL-10 levels.

Introduction: Productive women who’s working in static potition can cause stiffness back muscle. The stiffness of back muscle can decrease lumbal flexibility. When lumbal flexibility was decreased, it can cause low back pain during activities. Yoga and pilates exercise are recommended program for increase lumbal flexibility.. Purpose: This study aims to prove the pilates exercise is more effective to increase lumbal flexibility comparing with yoga on adult woman. Method: Design of this study uses research methods experimental study pre and post test design. Total sampel of this research study are 30 adult women at Banjar Kelod Ungasan, whose age are 30-45 years old and have 0-20 cm flexibility score. The sampel devided into two groups which the group I (n=15) was given pilates exercise ,while group II (n=15) was given yoga twice a week in 6weeks. This research was using sit and reach test as measured flexibility. Result: Based on Paired Sample t-Test statistical analysis the results of this study research shown that the difference in the mean of lumbal flexibility in group I was obtained 21.34±3.13cm with p<0.001 , while the mean of lumbal flexibility in group II was obtained 19.11±2.39cm with p<0.001. The difference lumbal flexibility in group I and group II was obtained 5.36±1.48cm with p<0.001. Conclusion: The conclusion that the pilates exercise was more effective to increase lumbal flexibility comparing with yoga on adult woman.

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Background: Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and vitamin-C contained in the Red Dragon fruit’s skin have a positive impact on glycemic control and lipid oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on reducing the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improving the lipid profile of Wistar rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: A randomized pre-test post-test control group experimental study was done on 22 male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months that suffered from diabetes and dyslipidemia. Subjects were divided into the control group (given 2cc distilled water + 9 mg metformin) and the treatment group (given 160 mg red dragon fruit’s skin extract + 9 mg metformin) for 14 days. FBG and lipid profile measurements were done before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using the compare mean test. Results: There was no significant mean difference of GDP between groups before (p=0.414) and after treatment (p=0.125), total cholesterol between groups before (p = 0.572) and after treatment (p=0.361), triglycerides between groups before (p=0.073) and after treatment (p=0.111). There was a significant mean difference of HDL between groups before (p=0.003) and after treatment (p=0.047), LDL between groups before (p=0.006) and after treatment (p=0.043). Although there were significant mean differences in HDL and LDL between groups before and after treatment, the pre-post treatment of HDL and LDL mean differences showed no significant mean difference (p=0.328 and p=0.704 consecutively). Conclusion: Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract treatment did not significantly reduce the mean FBG and lipid profile levels.