A b s t r a c tIn recent years, as cardiovascular mortality is increasing, the interest in studying the influence of polyphenol-rich grape products (PRGP) on cardiovascular risks is constantly growing. The estimation of a safe and effective dose of PRGP deserves special attention, because an excessive consumption can lead to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The hygienic and curative properties the young branches of grapevine, leaves, berries, juice and wine are used in traditional medicine for a long time. The curative properties of grapes are known to be due to the presence of biologically active grape polyphenols, which are accumulated in grapeskin, pulp, and seeds, etc. Polyphenols are extracted during alcoholic fermentation and determine the antioxidant status and biological activity of wines and other grape products. Here our objective was to analyze polyphenols in red wine (RW) and extracts from red grapes (EPG) and to compare the influence of fixed concentration of polyphenols on cardiovascular parameters, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lipid metabolism at ischemic heart disease (IHD) and essential hypertension (EH) in the course of the SPA and resort-based treatment of 259 patients. The clinical trials of therapeutic and prophylactic properties of the experimental samples of red wine and extracts of polyphenols from red grapes showed that the use of these products as part of complex therapy contributes to the significant improvement of lipid metabolism, i.e. total cholesterol was reduced by 22 % and the atherogenic index decreased by 10 %, to a reduced free radical oxidation (end products of LPO decreased by 30.3 % when using the RW, and by 32.3 % in case of EPG), as compared to the patients from control groups who were not provided with PRGP in addition to a standard rehabilitation. The normalization of cardiovascular indexes also occurred. In the most patients, the tolerance to physical activity increased by 22.4 % compared to the control group. The clinical effect was achieved during a 14-day course at a daily dose of 3.6 ml/kg for RW, and of 0.45 ml/kg for EPG. The mechanisms of action of these polyphenolic products and the possibility of their use for primary and secondary prevention of disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease are discussed.
In this work we made an attempt to determine, quantitatively and qualitatively, the isoprenoid including sterol) the composition of the lipid complex of pressed wine yeast from a grape must fermentation. The sterol composition of the lipid complex we obtained was studied using a method for determination of unsaponifiable substances in vegetable oils. Isoprenoid, including sterols, were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The chromatograph used was an Agilent Technology 6890 with a mass-spectrometry detector and had a HP-1 column. The carrier gas (helium) flow rate was 1 ml/min. The chromatography was effected at a temperature range of 50-300°C. The revealed unsaponifiable fraction of the yeast lipid complex contained diterpenoid and triterpenoid alcohols and sterols. The sterols were campesterol, β-stigmasterol, obtusifoliol, γ-sitosterol, lanosterol, cycloartenol and α-sitosterol), hydrocarbons, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, the total sterols accounting for 22.3 %. These findings clearly indicate the need to investigate, in more detail, the pharmacological and antioxidant effects of the wine yeast lipid complex from a grape must fermentation.
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