In this work we made an attempt to determine, quantitatively and qualitatively, the isoprenoid including sterol) the composition of the lipid complex of pressed wine yeast from a grape must fermentation. The sterol composition of the lipid complex we obtained was studied using a method for determination of unsaponifiable substances in vegetable oils. Isoprenoid, including sterols, were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The chromatograph used was an Agilent Technology 6890 with a mass-spectrometry detector and had a HP-1 column. The carrier gas (helium) flow rate was 1 ml/min. The chromatography was effected at a temperature range of 50-300°C. The revealed unsaponifiable fraction of the yeast lipid complex contained diterpenoid and triterpenoid alcohols and sterols. The sterols were campesterol, β-stigmasterol, obtusifoliol, γ-sitosterol, lanosterol, cycloartenol and α-sitosterol), hydrocarbons, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, the total sterols accounting for 22.3 %. These findings clearly indicate the need to investigate, in more detail, the pharmacological and antioxidant effects of the wine yeast lipid complex from a grape must fermentation.
The work presents the possibility of obtaining polyphenol concentrates from raw materials (pomace, seeds, cane, vines, leaves) of Crimean grapes of white varieties Aligote, Rhine Riesling, Rkatsiteli and grapes of red varieties Muscat Hamburg, Cabernet-Sauvignon, by vacuum concentration of alcoholic extracts of grape raw materials. An experimental assessment on the qualitative and quantitative structure of polyphenols, the basic functional ingredients of biological activity of grapes has been given. It has been established that by concentration of phenolic substances, the concentrates are distributed in the following sequence: seeds of grapes of white and red varieties, stalks of grapes of white and red varieties, pomace of grapes of red varieties, leaves of grapes, vine of grapes, pomace of grapes of white varieties. In grape concentrates, anthocyanins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins, oxycinnamic and oxybenzoic acids and stilbenoids have been identified. The maximum quantitative evaluation of stilbenoid concentration obtained in grape concentrates was up to 5.0 g/L, which is by order of magnitude greater than in red wines. The antioxidant activity indicator (AOA), estimated in vitro in grape seed concentrate, ranged from 180.0 to 250.0 g/l, which is by order of magnitude greater than in red grape wines.
Adipose tissue in obesity produces more active oxygen forms and inflammatory cytokines, which results in the development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and a metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, there has been a growing interest in natural products for oxidative stress remodeling. Therefore, it is relevant to study grape polyphenols (GPs) to develop certain techniques for oxidative stress prevention and treatment. The goal of the paper is to examine antioxidant profiles in MS, and the efficacy of its pathogenetic correction with GPs. Materials and Methods. The authors estimated the ratio of peroxidase (PA) activity and thiobarbituric acid active products (TBA-APs), and the ratio of ceruloplasmin (C) and PA. Results. The authors observed stereotypical changes in the systems of antioxidant and antiproteolytic protection in MS. Thus, with MS, there was recorded a decrease in PA/TBA-AP ratio (2.3 compared with 16.6 in norm) and an increase in C/PA ratio (3.17 compared with 0.62 in norm). In the case of “Fenokor” administration for MS remodeling, the level of superoxide dismutase became normal. Moreover, the authors observed the highest level of TBA-active products in experimental animals. MS remodeling with Fenokor was effective: PA/TBA ratio was 2 times higher than in the control, and C/PA ratio was 0.86. Catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were 5 and 1.3 times higher than in norm, respectively. Conclusion. Normalization of PA/TBA-AP and C/PA ratios under “Fenokor” allows us to GPs with a high polyphenol content to correct antioxidant status and reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Keywords: oxidative stress; grape polyphenols. Жировая ткань при ожирении производит большее количество активных форм кислорода и воспалительных цитокинов, что приводит к развитию синдрома системной воспалительной реакции (ССВР) и метаболического синдрома (МС). В последнее время возрастает интерес к использованию продуктов натурального происхождения для коррекции оксидативного стресса. Поэтому представляется актуальным изучение полифенольных продуктов переработки винограда (ПППВ) для разработки методов профилактики и терапии проявлений окислительного стресса. Цель – изучение антиоксидантных профилей при МС, а также эффективности его патогенетической коррекции ПППВ. Материалы и методы. Оценивали отношение активности пероксидазы (ПА) и активных продуктов тиобарбитуровой кислоты (ТБК-АП), а также церулоплазмина (Ц) и ПА. Результаты. Показана определённая стереотипность изменений в системах антиоксидантной и антипротеолитической защиты при МС. Так, при МС регистрировалось снижение ПА/ТБК-АП (2,3 по сравнению с 16,6 в норме) и повышение Ц/ПА (3,17 по сравнению с 0,62 в норме). В случае применения «Фэнокора» для коррекции проявлений МС происходила нормализация содержания супероксиддисмутазы, наблюдался самый высокий среди экспериментальных животных уровень ТБК-активных продуктов. Коррекция МС с помощью «Фенокора» была эффективна: соотношение ПА/ТБА было в 2 раза выше, чем в контроле, а отношение Ц/ПА составляло 0,86. Уровни каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы были в 5 и 1,3 раза выше нормы соответственно. Заключение. Нормализация отношений ПА/ТБК-АП и Ц/ПА при применении препарата «Фэнокор» позволяет использовать ПППВ с высоким содержанием полифенолов для коррекции антиоксидантного статуса и снижения проявлений ССВР. Ключевые слова: оксидативный стресс, полифенолы винограда.
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