After two doses of TBE vaccine, one in five persons aged 60 years or older may be without protective antibodies, confirming the importance of testing the antibody response after the second vaccination and administering an additional dose in the event of insufficient response.

AIM:The role of glucan in potentiation of immune system is well established, including effects on cancer development. In this study, we focused on effects of short term glucan supplementation in patients during complex cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We measured the levels of leptin and changes in NK cell numbers after oral application of 200 mg/day of glucan. RESULTS: We found significant improvement in total numbers of NK cells. Levels of leptin remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the significant effects of glucan supplementation on induction of NK cell, suggesting that addition of glucan to the diet could be beneficial for prevention of cancer remission. The glucan-supplemented group exhibited some improvements in psychic conditions, nutritional state and overall feeling of well-being. Longer supplementation seems to be necessary.

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Heavy industrial pollution and/or passive smoking negatively affect the overall immune health of a population. We used a model of children with chronic respiratory problems and evaluated the effects of short term supplementation of their diet with nucleotides. We measured the level of sIgA, eNO levels and total physical activity. We found positive effects of oral supplementation with commercially available nucleotides. Our data demonstrate strong improvements in physical activity, strong decrease of eNO levels and maintaining of the levels of sIgA. We conclude that supplementation with nucleotides offers an easy way to improve health conditions in children.

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Background: The stimulation of immune reactions represents a well-established effect of glucan. However, very little is known about the effects on prostate. In this report, we focused on patients with benign hyperplasia of prostate and evaluated the effects of glucan supplementation. Methods: We measured the level of CRP, levels of total (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) and number of NK cells. Results: We found positive effects on both NK cell numbers and on the PSA index, suggesting positive effects of glucan supplementation. Our data are further supported by a case report. Conclusions: Our study offers preliminary results supporting the hypothesis that oral administration of glucan has positive effects in patients suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia. Our conclusion is supported by the case report showing significant effects with longer supplementation and higher dose.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy represents a serious complication of diabetes. Methods: In our group of 52 patients, we identified 7 individuals (13%) with elevated levels of IgG4. Results: Detailed examination revealed significant clinical changes, resulting in a diagnosis of probable IgG4-RD. Conclusions: Long-term evaluation and beta glucan supplementation, combined with vitamin D supplementation, during general treatment of these patients significantly improved both health and mental conditions.

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