This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of protected fat on the digestion coefficients, nutritive value, ruminal and some blood parameters, and productive performance of Ossimi lambs. Three levels of protected fat (0, 4 and 8%) were used to cover 0, 10.80 and 19.98% of the total energy of the formulated rations, respectively. Twenty four Ossimi lambs averaging initial live body weight of 32.39±0.63 kg and aging 5-6 months were chosen and divided into three similar groups (eight animals each). Animals in all groups were fed on isonutrigenous complete mixed ration for 112 days as an experimental period.. Results indicated that animals fed rations containing protected fat increased (P<0.05) digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE than those fed control ration. High level of protected fat (8%) improved (P<0.05) the nutritive value as TDN and DCP than those fed control ration, being 61.35, 66.84 and 72.07% for TDN and 8.87, 9.32 and 9.96% for DCP in lambs fed 0, 4 and 8%protected fat diets, respectively. Concentration of ammonia-N and total VFA's increased (P<0.05) by increasing protected fat level at different post-feeding times. The differences in concentration of albumin, globulin and cholesterol in blood plasma was not affected significantly by the experimental rations, but concentration of total proteins, triglycerides and total lipids increased (P<0.05) in lambs fed 8% protected fat as compared to control lambs. Average daily gain was 241, 262, and 282 g/head for animals fed 0, 4 and 8% protected fat rations (P<0.05). Also, Animals fed 8% protected fat ration showed the best feed efficiency expressed as kg DM/kg gain (4.550), while those fed 4% protected fat ration recorded the best efficiency as TDN or DCP (3.172 and 0.443), respectively. Animals fed 8% protected fat showed the highest revenue and economical efficiency, being 5.059 and 2.498, respectively.

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Sixty four buffalo calves averaged 307.4 ± 10.99 kg live body weight were assigned to evaluate the effect of supplementing rations of buffalo calves with yeast culture and enzyme on nutrient digestibility, nutritive values, some blood parameters, daily gain and feed conversion. Buffalo calves were divided into four similar experimental groups and fed the same basal ration but differed in feed additives. Calves in the 1st group were fed a basal ration containing 40% concentrate fed mixture, 40% corn silage and 20% rice straw without additives (control). Calves in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the same basal ration supplemented with either 10 g enzyme/ head /day (Fibrozyme containing 100XU/g xylanase) or 10 g yeast culture/ head /day (Yea-Sacc containing 10 8 cells of Saccharomyces cerevesiae/g), respectively. While those of the 4 th group, were fed the same basal ration supplemented with (5g yeast + 5g Enzyme)/ head /day. Feeding period lasted for 116 days. At the end of the feeding trials, four digestibility trials using 12 buffalo calves, three in each trial, were conducted to determine nutrients digestibility coefficients and feeding values of the four experimental rations. Blood parameters, feed utilization and economic efficiency were also studied. Results showed that calves fed rations supplemented with both 10g yeast , 10g Enzyme and 5g yeast plus 5g Enzyme improved (P<0.05) most nutrients digestibilities and feeding values as TDN compared with control ration, as well as blood parameters. Daily gain , feed conversion and economic efficiency were the highest (P<0.05) for calves fed ration supplemented with 5g yeast plus 5g Enzyme (R4) being 1.19,10.30 and 1.87, respectively .It could be concluded that animals fed ration supplemented with feed additives attained to have higher daily gain, reduced feed cost and improved of feed and economical efficiency. Moreover, animals fed ration supplemented with enzyme plus yeast culture recorded the highest performance followed by those fed yeast culture or enzyme supplemented rations alone.

Forty eight Friesian calves averaged 234.4±1.23 kg live body weight were assigned to investigate the effect of using sorghum or alfalfa alone or/and intercropped legume-grasses mixtures in daily rations of growing Frisian calves on nutrient digestibility , nutritive values , some blood parameters , daily gain and feed conversion. Friesian calves were divided into four similar experimental groups according to body weight. The experiment included two stages. The first stage represented a growing period (140 days), during which the calves were fed on the following rations: 1-The control group was fed 60% concentrate feed mixture + 40% rice straw. 2-The first tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 60% Alfalfa + 10% rice straw. 3-The second tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 60% sorghum + 10% rice straw. 4-The third tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 30% Alfalfa + 30% sorghum + 10% rice straw. During the second stage (the finishing period,80 days) the corresponding calves were fed 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40%rice straw for all experimental groups. Results showed that the digestibility of DM, OM and CF of R1 (control ration), R2 (contained 60 % alfalfa) and R4 (contained 30% alfalfa plus 30% sorghum forage) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of R3 (contained 60% sorghum forage). While the nutritive values as TDN% and DCP% were significantly higher (P<0.05) for R1 (control ration) than those of R2 (contained 60 % alfalfa), R3 (contained 60% sorghum forage) and R4 (contained 30% alfalfa plus 30% sorghum forage). The average daily feed intake by calves fed alfalfa (R2) during growing period were higher than those fed R1 (control ration) , R3 (contained sorghum forage) and R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage). Average daily feed intakes during the finishing period showed that calves fed R1 (control ration) and R4 had the highest DM intake. However those fed ration R2 (control ration) showed the lowest intake of DM intake. Final body weight , total and daily body weight gain of calves fed R1 (control ration) were375.42,141.67 and 1.01 kg ,respectively during growing period, showing significantly higher (P<0.05) than other different ration , but final body weight , total and daily body weight gain of calves fed R3 (contained sorghum forage) recorded 342.42,105.42 and 0.75 kg , respectively. It were significantly lower (P<0.05) than other different rations. While final body weight, total and daily body weight of calves fed R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than R2 (contained alfalfa) and R3 (contained sorghum forage). The best feed conversion was attained for the group feed R1 (control ration) 8.61, 5.68 and 0.96 for DM, TDN and DCP, respectively followed by group fed R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage) being, 13.56, 8.95 and 1.50 for DM, TDN and DCP, respectively during growing period. It could be concluded that the alfalfa-sorghum mixture was better than alfalfa or sorghum as green forage in growing...

Twenty lactating Friesian cows at the peak of lactation curve and in their first to third parity were used to study the effect of feeding diets containing different levels of orange waste silage on the nutrient digestibility coefficients and nutritive values of feeds, ruminal and some blood parameters and productive performance of Friesian cows .Friesian cows were chosen and divided into four similar groups (5 cows each) according to body weight, milk yield and number of lactations. Animals were fed on the following rations: First group was fed a control ration (R1) which consisted of 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 45%, berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) and 5% rice straw. Groups R2, R3 and R4 were fed the same formula of control with replacing 25, 35 and 45% of berseem hay by orange waste silage, respectively. Results indicated that cows fed R4 recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher digestibility coefficients of CP ,CF and EE than that of (R1) and showed higher DM and OM digestibility coefficients with no significant differences, while ration (R2) appeared to the highest (P<0.05) significant in CP digestibility, TDN recorded significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing orange waste silage level, showing the highest TDN %with (R4) , while highest DCP%was found with (R2). Cows fed R4 recorded the highest ruminal TVFA's concentration .While , NH3-N concentration in rumen liquor decreased significantly with increasing level of orange waste silage in the rations. Concentration of total protein , albumin and globulin significantly (P<0.05) increased with R2 , while activities of GOT and GPT were significantly (P<0.05) lower with level 25% of orange waste silage .Cow fed R4 recorded significantly (P<0.05) the highest yield of actual milk and 4% FCM ,while those fed R3 recorded significantly (P<0.05) the highest of milk contents .Cow fed R4 showed the highest feed and economic efficiencies , while those fed the control ration had the lowest values. It could be concluded that, using orange waste silage as a source of roughage is more efficient especially during summer season under Egyptian conditions to replace berseem hay. Using 25% , 35% and 45% orange waste silage as a roughages replacement in the rations of lactating Friesian cows resulted in higher milk production and improve feed utilization and economic efficiencies, especially using 45% orange waste silage as a roughages replacement in the rations of lactating cows .