The present work was carried out to study the effect of using dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) as a source of protein in ration formulation of buffalo calves. DDGS was included in concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at 0, 11, 16, 21 and 27% to cover 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of total protein, respectively. Fifty male buffalo calves averaging 320.16 kg live body weight were randomly distributed into five similar groups (10 in each) and assigned to receive five concentrate feed mixtures containing five levels of DDGS. Animals were fed CFM along with berseem hay and wheat straw at the ratios of 70: 20: 10, respectively. The feeding trail lasted 184 days, during which, five digestibility trials were carried out to determine the digestibility and feeding values of the experimental rations. In addition, samples of rumen liquor and blood serum were taken to determine some ruminal and blood parameters. Also, feed and economical efficiencies were studied. The results showed that: 1-Digestibility coefficients were significantly (P<0.05) higher in DM, OM, CP and CF with animals fed rations containing DDGS. Nutritive values expressed as TDN (%), DCP (%) and DE (Mcal/Kg DM) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for ration E (containing 27% DDGS) than the other rations. 2-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) showed the highest TDN (77.03%) DCP (12.49%) and DE (3.40 Mcal/Kg DM) versus 65.67%, 11.00% and 2.89 Mcal/Kg DM for animals fed control ration. However, all experimental rations (containing DDGS) appeared to higher nutritive values than that of control ration. 3-The highest daily gain (1.170 Kg) was recorded with animals given ration E, which had 31.46% extra improvement and increase in weight gain. Also, animals fed experimental rations (B, C, D and E rations) tended to have better feed efficiency, showing the best feed utilization efficiency expressed as DM, TDN or DCP per Kg gain being 11.147, 8.586 and 1.392 Kg/Kg gain, respectively, for animals fed ration E. 4-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) appeared to have the lowest feed cost/Kg weight gain (17.837 LE).The highest economical efficiency (1.233) versus the highest feed cost and lowest economical efficiency was observed with animals fed control ration (ration A). 5-All ruminal and blood serum parameters were within the normal values, showing that added DDGS in ration formulation of fattening buffalo calves had no adverse effects on serum parameters and led to get better performance of animals. Generally, it may be concluded that, the inclusion DDGS at 27% to cover 50% of total protein of concentrate feed mixture in fattening buffalo calves rations tended to produce better nutrient digestibility and feeding values. Moreover, animals fed rations containing DDGS had higher weight gains and lower feed cost with the best economical efficiency without any adverse effects on ruminal or blood serum parameters.

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Sixty four buffalo calves averaged 307.4 ± 10.99 kg live body weight were assigned to evaluate the effect of supplementing rations of buffalo calves with yeast culture and enzyme on nutrient digestibility, nutritive values, some blood parameters, daily gain and feed conversion. Buffalo calves were divided into four similar experimental groups and fed the same basal ration but differed in feed additives. Calves in the 1st group were fed a basal ration containing 40% concentrate fed mixture, 40% corn silage and 20% rice straw without additives (control). Calves in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the same basal ration supplemented with either 10 g enzyme/ head /day (Fibrozyme containing 100XU/g xylanase) or 10 g yeast culture/ head /day (Yea-Sacc containing 10 8 cells of Saccharomyces cerevesiae/g), respectively. While those of the 4 th group, were fed the same basal ration supplemented with (5g yeast + 5g Enzyme)/ head /day. Feeding period lasted for 116 days. At the end of the feeding trials, four digestibility trials using 12 buffalo calves, three in each trial, were conducted to determine nutrients digestibility coefficients and feeding values of the four experimental rations. Blood parameters, feed utilization and economic efficiency were also studied. Results showed that calves fed rations supplemented with both 10g yeast , 10g Enzyme and 5g yeast plus 5g Enzyme improved (P<0.05) most nutrients digestibilities and feeding values as TDN compared with control ration, as well as blood parameters. Daily gain , feed conversion and economic efficiency were the highest (P<0.05) for calves fed ration supplemented with 5g yeast plus 5g Enzyme (R4) being 1.19,10.30 and 1.87, respectively .It could be concluded that animals fed ration supplemented with feed additives attained to have higher daily gain, reduced feed cost and improved of feed and economical efficiency. Moreover, animals fed ration supplemented with enzyme plus yeast culture recorded the highest performance followed by those fed yeast culture or enzyme supplemented rations alone.

Forty eight Friesian calves averaged 234.4±1.23 kg live body weight were assigned to investigate the effect of using sorghum or alfalfa alone or/and intercropped legume-grasses mixtures in daily rations of growing Frisian calves on nutrient digestibility , nutritive values , some blood parameters , daily gain and feed conversion. Friesian calves were divided into four similar experimental groups according to body weight. The experiment included two stages. The first stage represented a growing period (140 days), during which the calves were fed on the following rations: 1-The control group was fed 60% concentrate feed mixture + 40% rice straw. 2-The first tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 60% Alfalfa + 10% rice straw. 3-The second tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 60% sorghum + 10% rice straw. 4-The third tested group was fed 30% concentrate feed mixture + 30% Alfalfa + 30% sorghum + 10% rice straw. During the second stage (the finishing period,80 days) the corresponding calves were fed 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40%rice straw for all experimental groups. Results showed that the digestibility of DM, OM and CF of R1 (control ration), R2 (contained 60 % alfalfa) and R4 (contained 30% alfalfa plus 30% sorghum forage) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of R3 (contained 60% sorghum forage). While the nutritive values as TDN% and DCP% were significantly higher (P<0.05) for R1 (control ration) than those of R2 (contained 60 % alfalfa), R3 (contained 60% sorghum forage) and R4 (contained 30% alfalfa plus 30% sorghum forage). The average daily feed intake by calves fed alfalfa (R2) during growing period were higher than those fed R1 (control ration) , R3 (contained sorghum forage) and R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage). Average daily feed intakes during the finishing period showed that calves fed R1 (control ration) and R4 had the highest DM intake. However those fed ration R2 (control ration) showed the lowest intake of DM intake. Final body weight , total and daily body weight gain of calves fed R1 (control ration) were375.42,141.67 and 1.01 kg ,respectively during growing period, showing significantly higher (P<0.05) than other different ration , but final body weight , total and daily body weight gain of calves fed R3 (contained sorghum forage) recorded 342.42,105.42 and 0.75 kg , respectively. It were significantly lower (P<0.05) than other different rations. While final body weight, total and daily body weight of calves fed R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than R2 (contained alfalfa) and R3 (contained sorghum forage). The best feed conversion was attained for the group feed R1 (control ration) 8.61, 5.68 and 0.96 for DM, TDN and DCP, respectively followed by group fed R4 (contained alfalfa plus sorghum forage) being, 13.56, 8.95 and 1.50 for DM, TDN and DCP, respectively during growing period. It could be concluded that the alfalfa-sorghum mixture was better than alfalfa or sorghum as green forage in growing...