The efficacy of three different algae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Porphyra yezoensis, and Ulva pertusa) were compared in fingerling red sea bream Pagrus major. Oregon moist diet containing 5% of algae meal were fed for 41 days and the effects were monitored in terms of growth, feed efficiency, and body composition.Feeding algae commonly elevated body weight grain, and tended to increase feed efficiency and muscle protein deposition. Algae-fed groups were higher in liver glycogen and triglyceride accumulation in muscle. Feeding Porphyra showed the most pronounced effects on growth and energy accumulation, followed by Ascophyllum and Ulva. The results suggest the practical efficacy of using algae as a feed additive for the effective use of nutrients in cultured fish.
A study was accomplished in regard to the microbiological abundance in the muscle of Indian White Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) collected from three departmental chain shops and three local markets of Dhaka metropolitan city has been assessed in terms of total bacterial count (TBC), coliform and Salmonella? Shigella (SS) counts. The TBC ranged from 2.1 ± 0.20 × 104 to 4.7 ± 0.50 × 105 cfu/g for departmental shop frozen shrimp and 4.2 ± 0.45 × 106 to 1.3 ± 0.50 × 108 cfu/g for local market iced shrimp. The total coliform count ranged between 1.6 ± 0.20 × 102 and 2.1 ± 0.25 × 103 cfu/g for the chain shop frozen shrimp and 2.8 ± 0.30 × 103 and 7.8 ± 0.50 × 105 cfu/g for the retail market iced shrimp. Furthermore, the Salmonella?Shigella (SS) count for chain shop frozen and local market iced shrimp varied from 0.5 ± 0.0 × 102 to 1.3 ± 0.10 × 102 cfu/g and 0.7 ± 0.0 × 102 to 2.1 ± 0.25 × 102 cfu/g, respectively. Presence of Vibrio spp. was confirmed in 11 samples (5 from departmental shops and 6 from local markets). In case of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the indicator and pathogenic isolates, all of them were resistant to penicillin and bacitracin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin. The results confirmed that the samples of local markets contained high pathogenic bacterial load which are supposed to be threat to food safety creating food borne diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9741 DUJBS 2012 21(1): 29-38
The bacteriological quality of mola fish (Amblypharyngodon mola) from three local fish markets as fresh and as frozen from three departmental chain shops of Dhaka metropolis were analyzed. The microbial quality parameters varied with different sources and the quality was found to be poor for local market fish samples. In total 24 samples were considered for bacteriological quality analysis and 10 pathogenic isolates for antibiotic sensitivity test to 12 antibiotics. The total bacterial count ranged from 1.8 ± 0.25×104 to 6.5 ± 0.75 × 106 cfu/g for fresh and 5.5 ± 0.55 × 103 to 7.0 ± 0.80 × 105 cfu/g for frozen mola. The highest total coliform count of mola was 8.0 ± 0.55 × 104 and 6.1 ± 0.40 × 103 cfu/g for local market and departmental chain shop, respectively. All fresh and frozen samples were observed having high quantity of E. coli above 102 cfu/g. Furthermore, Salmonella-Shigella was identified in 67% samples (75% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples) varied from 0.9 ± 0.00 ×102 to 5.3 ± 0.30 × 103 cfu/g whereas Vibrio spp.was confirmed in 79% samples (83% of fresh and 75% of frozen samples) of which 90% samples exceeded 102 cfu/g. Similar pattern was observed in Staphylococcus spp. with 83% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples (63% of total samples) beyond 103 cfu/g. In case of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the indicator and pathogenic isolates, all of them were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and streptomycin. The findings proved that mola fish under this study was more or less contaminated and local fish market samples were highly privileged with food borne pathogens which confirmed the unhygienic condition of the market as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in mola fish may threat to public health safety. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12897 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 77-88, 2012
SUMMARY: The zero‐year red sea bream Pagrus major were fed for 41 days on dry pellets containing 1% Teaflan (60% catechin) or Spirulina supplement. The effects of catechin and Spirulina on ascorbate absorption, lipid metabolism, and collagen synthesis were compared in relation to vitamin C nutrition. Total ascorbate concentrations in the serum and liver were increased significantly in the catechin‐fed groups relative to the control, but Spirulina increased in value only in liver. Feeding with catechin and Spirulina depressed non‐esterified fatty acid and total lipid in serum, respectively. Liver lipid was depressed by feeding catechin and Spirulina. Hepatic free carnitine and long‐chain acylcarnitine contents were markedly higher in both catechin‐ and Spirulina‐fed groups than in the controls. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity was markedly elevated in the Spirulina‐fed group. In contrast, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase activities were not different among the groups. The collagen fraction soluble at 20°C was lower and the insoluble collagen fraction (not soluble at 70°C) was higher in catechin‐ and Spirulina‐fed groups. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with catechin, as well as Spirulina, improved vitamin C metabolism in young red sea bream.
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.
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