Two new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae), Begonia gambutensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas and Begonia siregarii Ardi & D.C.Thomas, are described from material collected on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Both species belong to Begonia section Petermannia. A key to the species in the provinces North Sulawesi and Gorontalo is provided.

The trade process makes traditional market able to become a pool of traditional knowledge for various local wisdoms that develop in the local community, including the use of plants. This study aims to document the traditional uses of plant species traded in three traditional markets in Tabanan regency. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interview toward 64 traders of Baturiti, Marga, and Tabanan traditional markets, respectively. Data analysis was performed quantitatively by calculating the use value index, and some ecological indices, such as diversity index, margalef index, pielou index, sørensen index, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Qualitative analysis was also used to tabulate and presented the data into tables and figures. The study documented 52 plant species belonging to 48 genera and 30 families. Herbs are the most widely used habitus, and Zingiberaceae is the most widely used plant family. The most widely used use-category is condiments, and Cocos nucifera is a plant species with the highest use-value. The study also showed a highly plant diversity, which is traded in each market, with slightly different similarities. Cluster analysis and PCA showed that there is a little difference in plants species traded in three traditional markets. Differences in altitude may affect the diversity of plant species traded, including the buyer's preference (community).

Penelitian ekologi kuantitatif diperlukan sebagai baseline dalam proses pembangunan dan pengembangan kebun raya di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data vegetasi di kawasan hutan yang akan dibangun kebun raya dan menganalisisnya secara kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode petak kuadrat (PU), dengan petak ukur 20 m x 20 m untuk pengamatan tingkat pohon dan tiang, serta 2 mx 2 m untuk pengamatan tingkat tumbuhan bawah. Analisis data dilakukan mengunakan indeks nilai penting, indeks keanekaragaman ShannonWiener, indeks similaritas, analisis kluster, dan analisis komponen utama (PCA). Komunitas tumbuhan di hutan Pilan didominasi oleh Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar dan Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. pada tingkat pohon serta Daemonorops sp. pada tingkat tumbuhan bawah. Indeks keanekaragaman pada tingkat pohon dan tiang menunjukan nilai sedang dan rendah pada tingkat tumbuhan bawah, sementara indeks similaritas mayoritas kombinasi PU adalah rendah. Hasil kluster menunjukan terbentuknya dua subset pada kedua tingkat pertumbuhan, dimana PU VI berada di luar kluster sedangkan PCA menunjukan setiap PU mendukung jenis tumbuhan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komposisi vegetasi hutan Pilan mendekati klimaks yang disebabkan karena statusnya sebagai hutan keramat sehingga relatif bebas dari gangguan. Faktor-faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi perbedaan komposisi tumbuhan di setiap PU adalah pH tanah, intensitas sinar matahari, jenis pohon yang dominan, efek tepi, dan persebaran bijioleh hewan.Quantitative Ecological Study of Pilan Forest as a Baseline for Development of Gianyar Botanic GardenAbstractQuantitative ecological research is needed as a baseline in the future construction and development of botanic gardens. This study aims to acquired the vegetation data in the forest area where a botanic garden will be established and analyse it quantitatively. The study was conducted using the quadrat plot (PU) method, with a plot measuring 20 m x 20 m for observation and tagging of all trees and saplings, as well as 2 mx2 m for observation of the understorey level. Data analysis was performed by utilising the importance value index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, similarity index, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Plant communities in Pilan Forest were dominated by Magnolia montana(Blume) Figlar and Arenga pinnata(Wurmb) Merr. at the canopy level and Daemonorops sp. in the understorey level. The diversity index was moderate and low respectively, while the similarity index was mostly low. The clustering results showed the formation of two subsets in both growth rate as the PU VI was outside the cluster and the PCA indicated that each plot supports different plant species. The study results concluded that the composition of vegetation at Pilan forest is approaching the maximum diversity, and is relatively undisturbed due to its status as a sacred forest. Factors thought to affect the different composition of plants in each plot was the pH of the soil, the intensity of sunlight, dominant tree species, edge effects and distribution of seeds by animals.

Improvement of leaf shape characters in Begonia can be done through hybridization between two different species of Begonia. This study aims to produce a new variety of Begonia to better improve the quantitative, qualitative characters and increase its genetic diversity. The study was conducted in the green house of Bogor Botanic Gardens. Two native species of Indonesia, Begonia sudjanae C.A Janson as the female parent and Begonia puspitae Ardi as the male parent. The mature F1 seeds were sown and selections were made among the plants produced. Observation results the characteristics of the new variety Begonia Crested as follows: stem type rhizomatous, leaves simple, ovate, peltate with strongly undulate base. Leaves margin is crenate and apex is acuminate. Colour on the upper surface are yellow green group RHS Colour Chart: (YG 144 A) strong yellow green, colour of veins on upper side is (YG 144 D) light yellow green. Inflorescence peduncle with 20 cm long branched symmetrically. The name Begonia Crested as the selected F1 plants are propagated in a vegetative method with leaves cutting, registered on the Center of Plant Variety Protection (PPVTPP) by No. 846/PVHP/2020. This new variety is beautiful and exotic leaves ornamental Begonia which will be developed as commercials ornamental plants.

Begonia adalah salah satu marga besar dalam kelompok Angiospermae yang memiliki kekhasan karakter daun asimetris. Keistimewaan Begonia terutama terletak pada daunnya yang indah, menjadikannya sangat cocok dijadikan tanaman hias. Perbanyakan Begonia dapat dilakukan dengan cara generatif dan vegetatif. Perbanyakan secara vegetatif adalah cara perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan bagian dari tanaman seperti daun, batang, cabang dan akar. Keberhasilan kegiatan penyetekan pada tumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yaitu jenis setek dan faktor lingkungan termasuk kelembaban temperatur dan cahaya serta nutrisi dari media tanam. Kualitas media tanam dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenis pupuk cair, serta cara perlakuannya terhadap pertumbuhan stek daun B. glabra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan POC/R berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecepatan tumbuhnya tunas dan tinggi tanaman. Perlakuan POC/R menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik, yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Semua perlakuan pupuk berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan tumbuhnya tunas, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter panjang akar. Perbedaan jenis pupuk cair dan cara perlakuannya memberikan hasil yang berbeda pula.

The current paper is based on the result of a comprehensive study on Karawang Regency from the ethnobiological, ethnoecological, and ethnoarchaeological point of view. Being an area in the Northcoast of Java, mangrove is an integral part of the livelihood of Karawang and now is being seriously conserved. The ethnobiology and ethnoarchaeology of Karawang is astonishingly rich from the prehistoric Pleistocene to at least historical time of the Sunda Kingdom approximately from 11.000 BC to 1579 AD supported by a diversity of evidences from endemic extinct species of Bivalvia, Cardilia karawangensis to the wealthy spice ports, in which many valuable species of spices came through the port from various areas in the eastern Indonesia to the most important port of spices in Nusantara, Srivijaya Empire in Sumatera.

<p>Mimba merupakan tumbuhan daerah tropis dan subtropis yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat tradisional sejak jaman prasejarah. Ekstrak mimba terbukti memiliki spektrum aktivitas biologi yang luas, antara lain antimikroba, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa kimia yang berfungsi untuk menghambat pembentukan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan daun mimba yang diperoleh dari Desa Jagaraga, Kecamatan Sawan, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Pada penelitian ini, aktivitas antioksidan daun mimba diuji melalui metode 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) dengan mengukur daya serap larutan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 516 nm. Konsentrasi<br />ekstrak daun mimba yang digunakan adalah 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, dan 700 ppm. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak berbanding terbalik dengan nilai daya serap larutan. Rendahnya nilai daya serap larutan menunjukkan tingginya aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun mimba. Larutan DPPH yang ditambahkan dalam ekstrak daun mimba juga menyebabkan<br />perubahan warna larutan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, semakin tinggi pula aktivitas antioksidannya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rerata nilai IC50 ekstrak daun mimba sebesar 51,74, sehingga dikategorikan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat. Hasil karakterisasi ini merupakan informasi awal mendukung program sumber daya genetik lokal,<br />khususnya di daerah Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali.</p>

Dillenia serrata Thunb.is a member of the Dillenia clan which is endemic to Sulawesi. D. serrata fruit is a seasonal fruit and can be used as a cooking ingredient as a sour taste, raw material for several food products such as candied fruit and syrup, and has the potential to be processed into chips and jam. Traditionally, the leaves and bark of D. serrata are also used by the local community as a sprue medicine, fever, wound medicine, treating swelling or inflammation and treating vomiting of blood. It is believed that there are still many untapped benefits from this plant. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of D. serrata fruit extract as an antimicrobial that causes disease in humans, and to determine its effectiveness as an antioxidant. The antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method while the antimicrobial test was carried out by the agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The ripe Dillenia fruit was extracted using methanol, the extract was then diluted in various concentrations for the DPPH test The results showed that the D. serrata extract had the ability as an antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of fresh fruit extracts was higher than that of dried fruit extracts. D. serrata extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.