WWW.ECONOMYOFREGION.COM diversification potential directions and choosing the most appropriate one. On the six stage, we define the diversification integrity level. Lastly, we elaborate measures for the rural economy development and forecast their implementation. The conclusions of diversification diagnosis reflect the real situation and allow selecting alternative activities to increase the employment and living standards of rural population. The study's results can be used by the governing bodies in developing a differentiated policy of rural development.
The paper gives a scientific idea of rural areas’ development models. The critical analysis of both theoretical approaches towards the perspective models of rural areas’ development and their various scenarios is given. The territorial disproportions of rural areas’ development conditioned by the long-term dominance of the national rural areas’ development model are identified. Based on the outcome of both domestic and foreign practice, the article gives a survey that shows certain ways of how to modernize and correct the rural areas’ development model. Analyzing the theoretical aspect of rural areas’ steady development, the correlation between a variety of rural economy structure and multifunctional character of rural areas is found out which necessitates the diversification of rural economy by means of different businesses stimulation. It’s proved that rural economy is a complex socioeconomic system and its diversification is conditioned by object-subject interconnection. The authors define the structure of diversified rural economy capable of mobilizing the areas’ available resources and accumulating their major spheres and businesses: agricultural (traditional and lost); non-agricultural (industry and construction, forestry, folk craft and handicrafts; service industry (education, health care system, recreation, service occupation). On the basis of the three-pronged approach - “function-structure-target”-the model of rural areas’ diversified economy which has either some predominant industry or combination of different industries is worked out. The perspective directions of restructuring rural areas’ economy based on expert assessment are also defined in the article.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the steady growth of agricultural production in the region and the lag in the development of social infrastructure, low attractiveness of the village. The presence of significant reserves of the spatial development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region makes it possible to optimistically predict that the project-targeted management of the implementation of the strategic priorities of the development of the AIC would improve the standard of living of the rural population and the spatial organization of territorial entities. The purpose of this scientific work is to substantiate the strategic directions for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex as a locomotive for the economic growth of the regional economy, contributing to the creation of comfortable living conditions for the rural population. The study used monographic and balance methods, economic and statistical ones, including cluster analysis, strategic analysis, theoretical and practical development of the authors. The study shows the increasing role of the agro-industrial sector in the region’s economy and substantiates the strategic directions of development: ensuring the growth rate of agricultural and food products, leading all-Russian indicators, expanding export-oriented agricultural production; formation of breeding and breeding base; the introduction of digital economy technologies in agriculture; greening production and the development of organic agriculture. To create comfortable living conditions and livelihoods in rural areas, the main priority areas have been proposed, related to meeting the needs of the rural population in well-equipped housing and increasing the level of integrated infrastructure in rural areas with social infrastructure facilities. The implementation of the identified strategic priorities for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the social infrastructure will help to increase the efficiency of using the reserves of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas.
In conditions of high spatial differentiation of rural territories, an objective assessment of the conditions for the reproduction of human capital is of particular importance. However, the developed methods, firstly, cannot always take into account all the components of human capital. Secondly, they do not affect the conditions for its accumulation. Thirdly, they include various indicator systems that are difficult to interpret when analyzing. In this regard, the results of such assessments lead to significant differences in the size of human capital and, accordingly, the impossibility of taking forehanded management measures for its normal reproduction. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop and test an approach to the diagnosis of the conditions for the reproduction of human capital (demographic, migration, infrastructure and socio-economic), based on the method of scoring and ranking. In the process of the study, it was concluded that there are limitations affecting the reliability of the assessment, the most significant of which is the absence of a complete set of statistical indicators for analyzing the conditions for the reproduction of rural human capital in official Russian statistics. The practical application of the developed point-rating assessment allowed us to identify the degree of differentiation of rural areas of Russia according to the conditions of reproduction of human capital based on the identification of leading regions and outsider regions.
One of the priority strategic objectives aimed at reducing the unjustifiably high spatial differentiation of rural areas is their diversification, carried out by involving unused resource reserves into development, creating new opportunities for the industries which products have a steady market demand. The purpose of this scientific work is to justify the need to move from a predominantly mono-functional to a diversified model of rural development. Creating models for their diversified development requires defining the rural areas as a special space, in which a specific activity closely related to the natural habitat is carried out, depending on the natural, economic factors of farming and formed in the conditions of the almost universal distribution of multi-component agricultural production. In the process of research, the relationship between the diversity of the rural economy structure and the multifunctionality of rural areas was revealed, which showed the need to diversify the economy by stimulating various types of activities. Taking into account domestic and foreign experience, approaches to building a model of diversified development of rural areas are justified. Based on a study of the rural economy structure, a model of diversification was proposed, containing single-industry and multi-industry blocks, including a different combination of industries and their advantages and disadvantages. It is concluded that the most effective is an industry-specific model with a diversified rural economy due to the maximum possible set of various economic forms and activities that meet the needs of the population in employment.
The ambiguity of the concept "human capital" determines a great deal of approaches aiming at its measurement. The lack of a comprehensive assessment of the rural human capital development associated with its differentiation is currently extremely acute and considerable difficult. Firstly, existing methods do not always determine the level of human capital and the conditions for its formation. Secondly, they include various indicator systems that are difficult to interpret when analyzing. In this regard, the results of such assessments lead to significant differences in the amount of human capital and, accordingly, the inability to take managerial actions for its normal reproduction considering the conditions of formation. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a methodology based on a grade-rating assessment of the level of human capital of rural territories considering its elements, the conditions for its formation and testing, which in the context of regions using cluster analysis revealed the types of rural territories with varying degrees of balance. The practical application of the developed methodology made it possible to determine both the leading and the outsider regions, which will help the authorities to make timely management decisions to even out the situation. Keywordshuman capital, rural territories, point-rating assessment, level and conditions of human capital development, differentiation of rural territories.I.
Diversified development of rural areas now depends on the state of the service sector and the quality of social services provided, which, on the one hand, are aimed at meeting the social needs of rural residents and improving the infrastructure provision of territories, and, on the other, they contribute to the creation of new jobs in the countryside, increasing incomes and improving the quality of life for villagers. The purpose of this scientific work is to justify the need to restructure the rural economy with a focus on the development of the social services sector. The study used general scientific methods and techniques of a systematic approach, deduction and induction, analogy, statistical analysis. The study shows the increasing role of the service sector in the rural economy and presents, on the basis of expert evaluation, the results of providing the rural population with social services in the main sectors: education, health, culture, sports, personal services, catering, and trade. To create comfortable living conditions in rural areas, opportunities for diversified development of the social services sector in the following areas have been identified: activities, products, and technologies. The implementation of the designated diversification areas affecting all branches of the service sector will expand the range of services provided and modernize the forms and methods used to serve the rural population.
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