Although heterosis has significantly contributed to increases in worldwide crop production, the molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are still unknown. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomic approach to explore hybrid vigor via the proteome of both the popcorn L54 ♀ and P8 ♂ genotypes and the resultant UENF/UEM01 hybrid cross. To analyze the differentially abundant proteins involved in heterosis, we used the primary roots of these genotypes to analyze growth parameters and extract proteins. The results of the growth parameter analysis showed that the mid- and best-parent heterosis were positive for root length and root dry matter but negative for root fresh matter, seedling fresh matter, and protein content. The comparative proteomic analysis identified 1343 proteins in the primary roots of hybrid UENF/UEM01 and its parental lines; 220 proteins were differentially regulated in terms of protein abundance. The mass spectrometry proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier “PXD009436”. A total of 62 regulated proteins were classified as nonadditive, of which 53.2% were classified as high parent abundance (+), 17.8% as above-high parent abundance (+ +), 16.1% as below-low parent abundance (− −), and 12.9% as low parent abundance (-). A total of 22 biological processes were associated with nonadditive proteins; processes involving translation, ribosome biogenesis, and energy-related metabolism represented 45.2% of the nonadditive proteins. Our results suggest that heterosis in the popcorn hybrid UENF/UEM01 at an early stage of plant development is associated with an up-regulation of proteins related to synthesis and energy metabolism.
4RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de diferentes herbicidas a dez genótipos de milho-pipoca em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, realizou-se a aplicação de herbicidas em dosagem máxima recomendada (atrazine + S-metolachlor + extravon -1,665 + 1,035 kg ha -1 i.a. + 0,1%; foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + hoefix -45,0 + 3,0 g ha -1 i.a. + 0,5%; mesotrione + óleo mineral -192 g ha -1 + 0,5%; tembotrione + óleo mineral -240 mL ha -1 + 0,5%) e um tratamento sem aplicação de herbicida, em esquema fatorial 5 x 10 x 5. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 2, 4, 8, 12 e 20 dias após aplicação (DAA) foram avaliados sintomas visuais de fitotoxicidade. Aos 36 DAA foram avaliados a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule, e aos 39 DAA, a área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea. Entre os tratamentos, os mais seletivos às variedades testadas foram os herbicidas atrazine + S-metolachlor, aplicados em pré-emergência; no entanto, atrazine + S-metolachlor, mesotrione e foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, aplicados em pós-emergência, causaram elevados níveis de fitotoxicidade às plantas de milho-pipoca, sendo as variedades Beija-Flor, Pr-023, SE-013, Angela, PA-038 e UFV extremamente sensíveis a esses produtos.Palavras-chave: seletividade , manejo de herbicida, Zea mays.ABSTRACT -Aiming to evaluate the selectivity of different herbicides to 10 genotypes of popcorn in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, herbicides were applied at the recommended maximum dosage (atrazine + S-metolachlor + extravon 1.665 + 1.035 kg ha -1 i.a. + 0.1%; foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + hoefix 45.0 + 3.0 g ha -1 i.a. + 0.5%; mesotrione + mineral oil 192 g ha -1 + 0.5%; tembotrione + mineral oil 240 mL ha -1 + 0.5%) and a treatment without herbicide in a factorial scheme 5 x 10 x 5. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Visual phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 days after application (DAA). Plant height and stem diameter were evaluated at 36 DAA, and leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part at 39 DAA. The treatments found to be the most selective to the tested varieties were atrazine + S-metolachlor, applied in pre-emergence; however, atrazine + S-metolachlor, mesotrione and foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, applied in post-emergence, caused high levels of phytotoxicity to the popcorn plants, with the varieties Beija-Flor, Pr-023, SE-013, Angela, PA-038 and UFV being extremely sensitive to these products.
ABSTRACT. Corn grits are used for various purposes such as flakes, snacks, livestock feed, hominy, extruded products, beer, etc. The grit size proportion varies according to the hybrid, and thus, once the use of the grits is linked to the particle size, determining the genetic effects is essential to develop hybrids for any specific use. For this purpose a complete diallel series of crosses, involving eight parents, was performed near Maringá, PR, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of 28 progeny for selection of hybrids for breeding programs and extraction of inbred lines for hybrid development. The response variables, such as plant height, ear insertion height, crop stand, grain yield, and grits, small grits and bran production, were gauged and appraised for each of the 28 progeny. The trait effects and GCA were significant for all response variables, while for SCA, only grain yield and crop stand showed significance (P < 0.05), according to Griffing (1955) analysis. A significant weak negative 6549 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 6548-6556 (2014) Diallel analysis of corn gritting ability partial correlation was found between grain yield and grits conversion. In relation to the hybrid selection for breeding programs, the parent IAC Nelore was highly recommended for recurrent selection and the hybrids IPR 119 x HT 392 and IAC Nelore x HD 332 for the extraction of pure lines for hybrid development.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a capacidade de germinação e diversidade das espécies do banco de sementes de um fragmento de mata ciliar localizado na Estação Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RJ), em Itaocara - RJ e, com isso, avaliar o seu potencial para uso em técnicas de nucleação. Amostras de 0,25 m x 0,25 m x 0,05 m de solo e serapilheira foram coletadas em cinco diferentes pontos do fragmento, a cada 10 m, a partir da margem do rio Paraíba do Sul. Em cada distância foram tomadas três amostras de solo e três amostras de solo + serapilheira. O material coletado foi levado à Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) e disposto em bandejas plásticas de 25 cm de diâmetro e 9 cm de altura, em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) e comparados pelo teste de F (5%), com 15 repetições por tratamento, constituídas por uma bandeja. Durante um período de quatro meses, foram registrados 473 indivíduos, distribuídos entre herbáceos, arbustivos e arbóreos. O banco de sementes avaliado é composto, em sua maioria, por espécies herbáceas, destacando-se a Pteridium arachnoideum, com 58 indivíduos. Dentre as espécies arbustivas e arbóreas, destacaram-se Piper sp. e Trema micrantha, com 56 e 32 indivíduos, respectivamente. O banco de sementes do solo, juntamente com a serapilheira, apresentou menor número de espécies, sem diferença no número de indivíduos. Tanto o solo, quanto o solo com serapilheira apresentam potencial para uso em técnicas de nucleação.
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