20 species of 10 genera of mites of this family Phytoseiidae were found while studying a species composition on the plants of urban environment Amblyseius andersoni Chant, 1957; Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958 Nesbitt, 1951. The peculiarities of their spreading in plant associations of Kyiv city, Uman city, Vasylkiv town, Brovary town (Ukraine) which differed from each other by various characteristics (population, area, urbanization degree, etc.) were determined. Total 68 species of plants were examined in the territory of Kyiv city where there were 40 species of trees and shrubs (including 2 types of conifers) and 28 species of herbaceous plants; 16 species of 10 genera of predacious phytoseiid mites were found. 14 species of 8 genera of mites were registered on 25 plant species in the territory of Brovary town (16 species of tree-and-shrub and 9 species of herbaceous plants) in the result of processing of collected materials. 10 species of 7 genera were identified while studying the current state of species diversity of predacious mites of Phytoseiidae family on 26 species of trees and shrubs of green urban plantations within Vasylkiv town. 12 species of 7 genera of Phytoseiidae mites were identified in the result of study of urban plantations in Uman city. Common species at studied areas were the following seven species: A. andersoni, A. rademacheri, E. finlandicus, K. aberrans, T. laurae, T. aceri, T. tiliarum. During the researches the domination index (Di). It was found that spreading of mites was different. Dominant species, subdominant species, subdominant of first order and minor members of species complexes were revealed while analysed the species structure of predacious phytoseiidae mites. E. finlandicus was the dominant in all research plots: Kyiv (Di = 51.63 %), Uman (Di = 60.32 %), Vasylkiv (Di = 15.65 %), Brovary (Di = 33.90 %). K. aberrans (Di = 15.52 %) and E. finlandicus was determined as dominant species n Vasylkiv town. K. aberrans (Di = 2.35 %) and T. aceri (Di = 1.30 %) had the status of subdominant species in research areas.We also have been studied the mite species diversity on the grass and shrubs. We studied the mites on the 93 species of plants where 55 were trees and shrubs (58.9 %) and 38 species were the herbaceous plants (41.1 %).Key words: phytoseiid mites; Phytoseiidae; Kyiv city; Uman city; Vasylkiv town; Brovary town; Ukraine Особливості структури комплексів фітосеїдних кліщів в рослинних асоціаціях міст С.Л. Грабовська, І.І. Миколайко, В.П. МиколайкоУманський державний педагогічний університет імені Павла Тичини E-mail: qrabovskaya-s@mail.ru В результаті дослідження видового складу Phytoseiidae на рослинах урбанізованого середовища виявлено 20 видів 10 родів кліщів цієї родини:
The features of rhizogenesis of male-sterile simple hybrids, maternal components of sugar beet heterozosis hybrid and O-types of Darinka variety grown from seeds were investigated. The paper presents the results of studying the main basic nutrient media (B5–A1, B5–A2, B5–A3, B5–A4, B5–A5 and B5–A6) for rhizogenesis, in which the content of macro- and microelements has been reduced by three times, the content of sucrose is reduced by almost 6 times, the amount of agar is reduced by almost five times, while the vitamin РР content is increased by 1.6 times, and the BAP is completely removed. The largest number of rooted microclones was obtained with NAAs by the high indexes of average number of roots and medium indexes of average roots length. To the second, by the number of rooted microclones is assigned, media of 2,4–D, 2,4–DB containing, potassium salt of NAA and IBA were classified, while IAA was characterized by a lower efficiency. The possibilities of regulation of growth and development processes of sugar beet in vitro explants in favor of undifferentiated growth at the stage of proliferation or organogenesis (hemo- and rhizogenesis) have been determined. To improve the quality of rooting of sugar beet plants-regenerants, we have developed the method for dimming agarized nutrient medium with methylene blue at a 0.05% concentration, which made it possible to reduce the inhibitory effect of light on the development of lateral roots. The average index of micro-roots rooting for MS-forms was 81.5 %. The technology of adaptation of micro-roots rooting was developed, in which the plant material at the initial stage of growth had slight morphological changes in the puffer apparatus and stem, but by the end of the vegetation, the plants acquired the appearance characteristic of the donor plants of explants. The clone’s resiliency is reached about 100% in the soil. According to the variability of morphological characteristics in reproduced in vitro sugar beet plants of the MS-forms of the Darynka hybrid, all the plants grown from the regenerants were more, than seed progeny from seed sowing of the same component obtained as a result of the attachment of sterility to the corresponding O-type. It has been found that in vitro cultivation has not weakened, and in some cases even increased the mitotic index of meristem cells of young roots of sugar beet. Most genotypes have reduced the number of pathological mitoses, apparently due to the activation of reparative systems, but did not extend the duration of individual phases of mitosis; without increasing the number of anaphase with bridges and fragments, but changed the number of anaphases with other chromosomal abnormalities. In all variants of the experiment, where activation of growth processes has been observed, the lowest variability of the signs is observed, that is, under the influence of stimulants, which are part of nutrient media, obviously there is unification of cell populations.
rhamnoides L. was investigated in natural conditions in Ukraine and in a culture at the National Arboretum "Sofiyivka", NAS of Ukraine. As a result of observations of individuals it was found that the annual cycle of H. rhamnoides conforms to seasonal climatic fluctuations. During the plants growing within a large life-cycle, four ages periods and nine age classes were allocated: latent period (sm), pre generative period (p, j, im, v), generative period (g1, g2, g3) and period of old age (ss, s). Separations of ontogenesis periods are qualitatively different stages based on the consistent implementation at the period of various portions of the genetic information on a gradual phased deployment of genetic information development program. Each of the following periods of ontogeny has specific physiological properties and morphological features and covers as the establishment and the growth of new structures so physiological changes that prepare the emergence of these structures. The features of H. rhamnoides in different stages of ontogeny were described. Updated diagnostic features of age classes were given. It was established that individuals differ in pre generative period mainly by morphometric parameters of sprout system and root formation, young, mature and old generative individuals by reproductive development. A number of adaptive features were identified during onto morphogenetic study: simultaneous passing periods and stages ontomorfohenesis; with the increasing of light exposure and temperature leaf size of plates increases also; flowering does not occur at the same time and takes a different number of days of various lengths; possibility of natural vegetative reproduction of plants to form a flower bed. The obtained results expand the understanding of the biology of the studied species, especially the formation of sprout system and root formation that will help to identify the age state of plants and the development of rational methods of cultivation and breeding.
We founded that E. finlandicus and K. aberrans formed the nucleus of Phytoseiidae community on the plants of urbanized environment in the result of study of 93 plant species (55 species of tree-and-shrub (58.9%) and 38 species of herbaceous plants (41.1%). Our research was carried out in plantations along the main and secondary municipal highways, near residential area and industrial buildings, on private plots of the private building area, in city parks and squares of Kyiv, Uman, Brovary, and Vasylkiv (Ukraine). The peculiarities of their distribution among urban plant associations, which differ from each other by different characteristics (population, area, degree of urbanization) were determined. Both species - E. finlandicus and K. aberrans have a rather extended range of indicators of relative biotope contiguity (-0.91<Fij<0.43 and -0.93Fij<0.96) that indicated their property to inhabit large number of plants. The indicator of K. aberrans occurrence, which was the highest in the city with the smallest degree of urbanization (Vasylkiv), decreased in the city with the maximum possible degree of urbanization (Kyiv). This indicator of E. finlandicus on the contrary increased along the gradient from a smaller city to the metropolitan city. K. aberrans inhabit a large number of plant species (33 species), while preferred plants from Rosacea family. E. finlandicus dominated by number of urban plant species it inhabited (75 species, 79.78%), absolute number of individuals in collected samples of predatory mites (504), occurrences index (Is = 74.49%), and by index of Palii-Kovnatsi (Di = 51.42%). The dominance of E. finlandicus species was registered in both groups of plants. The distribution of Phytoseiidae’s was primarily connected with the possibility of their movement along the surface of the substrate. Speed of mites moving was not the same in different species and depended on their morphology and plant morphology. Both species lived and laid eggs on the underside of the leaf. K. aberrans was more commonly found near the central vein of the leaf, while E. finlandicus was observed more evenly on the leaf plate, which can be explained by it higher vagility. K. aberrans could inhabit high number on fruit varieties of plants with pubescence leaves. Morphological features of plant leaves did not affect the spread of E. finlandicus species, therefore, they could be considered more "universal". However, it reached a higher quantity on the plants with a smooth surface of a leaf plate. Certain temperature, illumination regime, air and soil humidity caused the differences in mites spreading at various habitats.
Purpose. Determine the formation of physico-chemical quality indicators (berry weight, protein, carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, organic acids) of fresh, dried and frozen sea buckthorn fruits of different varieties. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The water content in sea buckthorn berries was the highest, but also varied significantly depending on the variety. The varieties of sea buckthorn ‘Haleryt’ and ‘Yelyzaveta’ had the highest content – 90%, by 2 and 3% less in the varieties ‘Burshtynove namysto’ and ‘Altaiska’, in the varieties ‘Sonechko’ and ‘Uliublena’ – 85%. The lowest water content was in the berries of ‘Ryzhyk’, ‘Podruha’, ‘Diuimovochka’, ‘Chechek’ varieties – 75–78%. Dried fruits contained water from 22 to 16%. In the varieties ‘Uliublena’, ‘Yelyzaveta’, ‘Altaiska’ – 22%, ‘Haleryt’, ‘Diuimovochka’, ‘Sonechko’, ‘Burshtynove Namysto’ – 20%, ‘Avhustyna’, ‘Ryzhyk’, ‘Podruha’ – 18%, ‘Veleten’ and ‘Chechek’ – 17 and 16%, respectively. The content of dietary fiber was 4.5–6.2% depending on the variety. The lowest content of dietary fiber was found in the varieties ‘Uliublena’ and ‘Altaiska’ – 4.5–4.7% in fresh and 2.4–2.5% in dried berries. The highest rates were in the varieties ‘Avhustyna’, ‘Sonechko’, ‘Burshtynove Namysto’ in fresh varieties – 6.0, 6.2 and 5.9%, and in dried varieties – 5.5%. The ‘Chechek’ and ‘Veleten’ varieties contained 5.7% in fresh berries and 5.0 and 4.5% in dried berries. The content of fat in fresh berries was in the range of 5.0–5.7%, depending on the variety. In dried berries it increased to 6.0–6.7% or 18–20% depending on the variety of sea buckthorn. In fast-freezing berries, this figure decreased to 4.5–5.2% or 9–10%. The content of organic acids in fresh fruits was the highest – 1.5–2.0%, depending on the sea buckthorn variety. Their content in dried berries decreased to 1.3–1.7% except for the varieties ‘Avhustyna’, ‘Sonechko’ and ‘Burshtynove namysto’, and in the frozen ones to 0.3–0.9%. It should be noted that a similar trend is observed in frozen berries of ‘Avhustyna’, ‘Sonechko’ and ‘Burshtynove namysto’ varieties. Conclusions. It is established that physicochemical quality indicators of fresh, dried and frozen sea buckthorn berries vary depending on the variety. The varieties ‘Avhustyna’, ‘Sonechko’, ‘Burshtynove Namysto’ have the largest weight of one berry 1.4–1.5 g. 8–6.0%), fat (5.5–5.7%), protein (1.5%), organic acids (2.0%) and dietary fiber (5.9–6.2%) in fresh berries.
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