Red rice kernels are known to have high antioxidant properties due to its anthocyanins, and application of mycorrhizal fungi was reported to increase grain anthocyanins. This study aimed to examine the effects of intercropping with soybean and mycorrhiza biofertilizer on grain anthocyanins and yield of upland red rice under aerobic irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in Beleke, West Lombok, Indonesia, under Split Split-Plot design with three treatment factors, i.e. upland red rice genotypes as the main plots (G04, G10), intercropping as the sub-plots (monocrop or intercropping with soybean), and mycorrhiza as the sub-sub-plots (without or with mycorrhiza). Results indicated that intercropping and mycorrhiza application significantly increased grain anthocyanin contents and yield, but rice genotypes showed differences only in grain yield per clump. However, there was a three-way interaction on percentage of filled grain number, and a two-way interaction on grain anthocyanins, in which mycorrhiza application resulted in more significant increases in anthocyanin contents and grain yield of the red rice under intercropping with soybean than under monocrop. Therefore, application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and intercropping with soybean, besides increasing grain yield, are also capable of increasing health values of the red rice grown on raised-beds in aerobic irrigation system.
The study aimed to determine the effect of liquid bio fungicides dosage Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium wilt diseases, growth and yield of onion. This study used an experimental method with experiments on field conditions carried out in Sembalun Bumbung Village Sembalun District East Lombok Regency from May to August 2018. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with liquid bio fungicides Dosage Trichoderma spp. which consists of 9 treatments, namely, 0 ml / plant, 2.5 ml / plant, 5 ml / plant, 7.5 ml / plant, 10 ml / plant, 12.5 ml / plant, 15 ml / plant, 17, 5 ml / plant and 20 ml / plant. Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 27 experimental units. Experimental parameters included the percentage of disease incidence, plant growth (height and number of plant leaves), and yield of onion (number of tillers and weight of harvested onion). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at 5% level and Honestly Significant Different Test at 5% level. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. can increase the induced resistance of onion to Fusarium wilt diseases and increase the growth and yield of onion. The conclusion of this experiment is liquid bio fungicides Trichoderma spp. starting with a dose of 5 ml/plant caused the onion plants not infected with Fusarium wilt diseases. Similarly, at the starting dose of 5 ml/plant increase the weight of harvest onion.
This study aimed to examine the effect of application of a bio-fertilizer containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and additive intercropping with soybean relay-planted between double rows of rice on growth and yield components of various promising lines of red rice grown in aerobic irrigation systems on permanent raised-beds. The field experiment, carried out on farmers' riceland in Beleke village of Gerung district in West Lombok, Indonesia, from May to September 2018, was designed according to Split Split-Plot design with three blocks and three treatment factors, i.e. intercropping (T0= without; T1= with soybean) as the main plot factor, red rice promising lines with 4 genotypes (G1= MG4, G2= MG10, G3= AM4, G4= AM10) as the sub-plot factor, and AMF bio-fertilizer (M0= without; M1= with AMF) as the sub-sub-plot factor. The pregerminated red rice seeds were planted on permanent raised-beds, with a base spacing of 25x20 cm, which was then modified into a double-row pattern of 20x20 cm within the double-row and 30 cm between double-rows. The results indicated that application of the bio-fertilizer "Technofert" containing AMF significantly increased growth and yield components of various promising lines of red rice, especially in relation to filled grain number and grain yield per clump, but significantly reduced percentage of unfilled grain number. Additive intercropping with soybean that was relay planted between double-rows of rice (one week after seeding rice) also significantly increased grain yield of the red rice genotypes. Among the four selected genotypes, grain yield of AM10 was the highest, especially when bio-fertilized with AMF and intercropped with soybean.
The objectives of this study were to examine yield performance of promising amphibious red rice lines, and to evaluate their adaptability to six growing environments in Lombok, Indonesia. Ten promising amphibious red rice lines were tested together with their three parents and one national cultivar (Aek Sibundong), during the rainy extended to dry season 2014 (JanuaryJune 2014). The ten promising lines were obtained from two population sources, while the three parents were AKBC52, AKBC86, and a local cultivar, i.e. Kala Isi Tolo (KIT). The testing environments were lowland in Mambalan village (West Lombok), medium highland in Mantang village (Central Lombok), and highland in East Sembalun village (East Lombok), and each location consisted of two systems, i.e. flooded and dry (upland) systems. The experiment in each environment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications and 14 genotypes as the treatments. Adaptation analysis was based on ANOVA using AMMI and Biplot. The results indicated that among the 14 genotypes, showed the highest yield, with an average of 7.8 t ha -1 dry seeds. There was a significant Genotype x Environment interaction on the dry seed yield. Biplot analysis indicated that G2(F2BC4A52-44) and G8(F2BC4A52-37) were stable genotypes across locations.
Red color in red rice kernels is because of anthocyanins, making red rice to have high health values. Mycorrhizas are reported to affect anthocyanin contents of other crops. This research aimed to examine the effects of mycorrhiza biofertilizer on grain anthocyanin contents and yield of various promising lines of red rice under aerobic irrigation systems, by conducting field experiment in Beleke, West Lombok, Indonesia, from March to July 2018, in Split Plot design with three blocks and two treatment factors, namely red rice genotypes as main plots (G04, G10, G15, G21) and AMF bio-fertilizer as sub-plots (M0= without, M1= with biofertilizer application). Results of data analysis using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test indicated that anthocyanin contents and almost all yield components were significantly higher on red rice supplied with AMF biofertilizer than without AMF, while those variables were mostly non-significantly different between red rice genotypes, except for 100 grain weight. Despite no interaction effects, there was a significantly positive correlation between anthocyanin contents and harvest biomass weight on red rice fertilized with AMF biofertilizers, but not on those receiving no AMF, which indicates positive effects of AMF in increasing harvest biomass and grain anthocyanins of those red rice genotypes.
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