Increasing Yield Components of Several Promising Lines of Red Rice through Application of Mycorrhiza Bio-Fertilizer and Additive Intercropping with Soybean in Aerobic Irrigation System

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of application of a bio-fertilizer containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and additive intercropping with soybean relay-planted between double rows of rice on growth and yield components of various promising lines of red rice grown in aerobic irrigation systems on permanent raised-beds. The field experiment, carried out on farmers' riceland in Beleke village of Gerung district in West Lombok, Indonesia, from May to September 2018, was designed according to Split Split-Plot design with three blocks and three treatment factors, i.e. intercropping (T0= without; T1= with soybean) as the main plot factor, red rice promising lines with 4 genotypes (G1= MG4, G2= MG10, G3= AM4, G4= AM10) as the sub-plot factor, and AMF bio-fertilizer (M0= without; M1= with AMF) as the sub-sub-plot factor. The pregerminated red rice seeds were planted on permanent raised-beds, with a base spacing of 25x20 cm, which was then modified into a double-row pattern of 20x20 cm within the double-row and 30 cm between double-rows. The results indicated that application of the bio-fertilizer "Technofert" containing AMF significantly increased growth and yield components of various promising lines of red rice, especially in relation to filled grain number and grain yield per clump, but significantly reduced percentage of unfilled grain number. Additive intercropping with soybean that was relay planted between double-rows of rice (one week after seeding rice) also significantly increased grain yield of the red rice genotypes. Among the four selected genotypes, grain yield of AM10 was the highest, especially when bio-fertilized with AMF and intercropped with soybean.

Effect of Relay-Planting Several Legume Species at Various Ages of Rice on Growth and Yield of Red Rice Grown Together with Legume Crops under Aerobic Irrigation System

“…Inal et al [6] found that intercropping maize with peanut resulted in higher concentration of nutrients in rhizosphere and in the shoots of both crops. Previous researches using this red rice also reported that grain yield of red rice grown in aerobic irrigation system was higher in intercropping with legume crops than in monocropped or conventional red rice, for example those reported by Dulur et al [8] and Wangiyana et al [11] in intercropping red rice with soybean, and Dulur et al [10] in intercropping red rice with peanut.…”

“…From field experiments conducted in other locations, by growing red rice on permanent raised-beds under aerobic irrigation systems, some researchers reported higher grain yields of red rice, i.e. 54.49 g/clump in intercropping with soybean [11], and 2632 filled grains per clump in intercropping with peanut [10]. The low grain yield of the red rice obtained in this research was probably due to prevalent attacks by stink bugs (Leptocoriza acuta) during the seed-filling stage, which resulted in a very high average of percentage of unfilled grain number, i.e.…”

“…Under permanent raised-bed growing conditions, Dulur et al [10] also reported higher panicle number and higher filled grain number per clump in red rice intercropped with peanut than those in monocrop rice or conventional rice. Wangiyana et al [11] also reported that additive intercropping various genotypes of red rice with soybean var. Dering-1 on raised-beds significantly increased rice grain yield, especially when inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhial fungi (AMF), compared with those in monocrop.…”

Additive intercropping with peanut increases growth and yield of various promising lines of red rice under aerobic irrigation system on permanent raised-beds

“…The seeds of the red rice lines were pre-germinated first and then direct-dibbled in the base of the previous rice stubbles with the same planting distances as the first year red rice. The entire procedures of growing those red rice lines including types and doses of the fertilizers applied were as explained in Wangiyana et al [10].…”

“…Chu et al [9] also reported higher number of filled panicles on rice plants grown in a 3 rows: 3 rows rice-peanut intercropping system than on monocropped rice. Intercropping one row of soybean between double-rows of red rice in additive series and mycorrhiza application to the rice and soybean plants not only increased grain yield of various promising lines of red rice [10] but also increased the anthocyanin contents of upland red rice [7].…”