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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused most waste recycling activities to be terminated due to several factors, such as concerns about the spread of coronavirus through the collected solid waste. This study investigates the socio-economic impact of the situation of the closed-loop system of solid waste recycling. Several recommendations for tackling this problem are presented in this research. Primary data collection for the waste bank and informal recycling sector was carried out in the eastern part of Surabaya during large-scale social restrictions. In-depth interviews were conducted with waste bank customers, waste bank unit representatives and the informal recycling sector to understand the pandemic’s socio-economic impact on the closed-loop system. Results show that this pandemic has significant impacts on individuals and stakeholders engaged in waste recycling activities. Customers of waste banks, who mostly belong to low-income communities, mentioned that the waste bank closure gave rise to social and economic problems, such as increasing unmanaged solid waste and decreasing income. This result also applied to the informal recycling sector. The government can use the recommendations in this study to generate related policies, such as enforcing the health protocol within solid waste management to keep the recycling system in place and the business alive.

Introduction: Heavy metals in the environment can accumulate in organisms through the food chain process. Previous studies recorded heavy metal concentrations above threshold limits value in Badung river, which warrants monitoring adverse health outcomes due to consuming fish from this river. This research aimed to estimate the potential risk from heavy metals exposure, namely Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr, due to fish consumption. Methods: Fish samples were limited to Oreochromis Mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus, commonly known as tilapia. Twenty samples of composite fish muscles were collected from three fishing sites. Subsequently, the heavy metals present in the samples were quantified using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and health risks were assessed by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Results and Discussion: The average concentrations of Pb in Oreochromis Mossambicus (6.35±3.21 mg/kg) and Oreochromis niloticus (6.09±3.07 mg/kg) exceed the threshold limits value for fish products, but other heavy metals remain below. The average EDI from consuming Oreochromis Mossambicus with Pb is 0.0025-0.0026 mg/kg/days; Cu is 0.0037- 0.0062 mg/kg/day; Cr is 0.0001 mg/kg/day. EDI from consuming Oreochromis niloticus with Pb is 0.0015-0.0025 mg/kg/day; and 0.00 mg/kg/day for Cu and Cr. The THQ calculation for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks showed no health risk from consuming the fish from the Badung River. Conclusion: The study concludes that the consumption of Oreochromis Mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus from the Badung River was generally safe from potential health risks.

ABSTRAK Hotel di kawasan pariwisata merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil limbah cair domestik. Pengolahan limbah cair domestik dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan ijuk sebagai media biofilter untuk mengolah limbah cair domestik dari hotel. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimental. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dari hasil pengujian laboratorium. Pada penelitian ini parameter yang akan diteliti adalah BOD5, COD, TDS, dan pH. Berdasarkan sampel yang diambil di salah satu hotel di Kota Denpasar, nilai rata-rata parameternya antara lain: BOD5 sebesar 86,71 mg/L, COD sebesar 122,3 mg/L, TDS sebesar 529 mg/L, dan pH 8. Sebelum diuji dilakukan seeding selama 2 minggu untuk menumbuhkan bakteri di dalam reaktor. Efektivitas sistem yang diperoleh selama 5 minggu pengujian memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 33,05%, dengan persentase efektivitas penurunan parameter pencemar antara lain: BOD sebesar 46,47%, COD sebesar 39,88%, TDS sebesar 12,81%. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja reaktor seperti: air limbah yang dipergunakan memiliki kualitas yang fluktuatif, cara penyusunan media biofilter, dan kondisi lingkungan saat penelitian dilakukan. Kata Kunci: Ijuk, Biofilter, Air Limbah Domestik ABSTRACT Hotels in tourism areas are a source of domestic wastewater. Domestic wastewater treatment is carried out to prevent environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using palm fiber as a biofilter medium to treat domestic wastewater from hotels. The research design used was quasi experimental. The data used in this study are primary data from laboratory test results. In this study, the parameters to be studied are BOD2, COD, TDS, and pH. Based on samples taken at a hotel in Denpasar City, the average parameter values include: BOD5 of 86.71 mg/L, COD of 122.3 mg/L, TDS of 529 mg/L, and pH of 8. Before being tested, seeding was carried out for 2 weeks to grow bacteria in the reactor. The system effectiveness obtained during the 5 weeks of testing has an average value of 33.05%, with the percentage of effectiveness of decreasing pollutant parameters, among others: BOD of 46.47%, COD of 39.88%, TDS of 12.81%. There are several factors that affect the performance of the reactor, such as: the quality of the wastewater used is fluctuating, the way the biofilter media is prepared, and the environmental conditions when the research is carried out. Keywords: Palm Fibers, Biofilter, Domestic Wastewater

Introduction: The lack of information can affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for dengue control. The purpose of this study was to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the larvae density of Aedes sp. Study Design: This study used a cross-sectional design by sampling as many as 250 households. Data measurements were carried out quantitatively using questionnaires and direct observation. Results: The variable knowledge, attitudes, practices, family income, and door-to-door health promotion associated with Aedes larvae density. People who eradicated mosquito breeding sites were mothers (74.4%), draining mosquito breeding sites routinely once a week (43%). The media favored direct counseling (53%), television as much as (34%). The preferred electronic media was interactive interviews (78.8%). The Aedes sp entomology survey results were house index (HI): 31.2%, container index (CI): 20.4%, and breteau index (BI): 103.6%. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, practice, family income, and door-to-door health promotion variables were associated with the density of Aedes larvae. Education programs in the community could increase awareness of controlling dengue vectors.