Magnetic skyrmions are prime candidates as information carriers for spintronic devices due to their topological nature and nanometric size. However, unavoidable inhomogeneities inherent to any material leads to pinning or repulsion of skyrmions that, in analogy to biology concepts, define the phenotype of the skyrmion-defect interaction, generating complexity in their motion and challenging their application as future bits of information. Here, we demonstrate that atomby-atom manufacturing of multi-atomic defects, being antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, permits the breeding of their energy profiles, for which we build schematically a Punnet-square. As established from first-principles for skyrmions generated in PdFe bilayer on Ir(111) surface, the resulting interaction phenotype is rich. it can be opposite to the original one and eventually be of dual pinning-repulsive nature yielding energy landscapes hosting multi-domains. this is dictated by the stacking site, geometry, size and chemical nature of the adsorbed defects, which control the involved magnetic interactions. this work provides new insights towards the development of disruptive device architectures incorporating defects into their design aiming to control and guide skyrmions. Magnetic skyrmions 1,2 , i.e. non-collinear spin textures with particle-like properties, are promising future magnetic bits for future data storage technologies based on topological concepts 3-11. Of great technological relevance are skyrmions in thin films and magnetic multilayers 12-22 , which can be stabilized as a result of the competition among the Heisenberg exchange interaction (HEI), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) 23,24 and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The low spin polarized current thresholds required to manipulate skyrmions compared to typical ferromagnetic domain walls 3,25 along with their high mobility, high stability and small sizes make them ideal for achieving efficient and functional devices. However, defects that are ineluctable in any device and materials are often seen as inhibitors for applications. The dynamical behavior of the skyrmion motion as function of applied currents hinges on the presence of defects, which define the three motion regimes: pinning, creep-and steady-flow-motion as demonstrated experimentally in ultrathin heavy metal/ferromagnetic bilayers and multilayers 15,26,27. Considerable effort has been performed to explore the dynamics pertaining to current-induced skyrmion motion 3,4,15,28-32 , with a particular attention to the role of defects 33-36. In particular, simulations using realistic parameters extracted from ab-initio showed that by controlling the mutual distance of the pinning defects, one may engineer a double track to guide the skyrmion motion and enhance its velocity 36. Atomic-scale imaging based on scanning tunneling microscopy demonstrated that skyrmions in PdFe bilayer on Ir(111) are inert to the presence of a single Co adatom, in accordance to recent ab-initio simulations 34 , but react to the presence...
Good critical thinking and problem solving skills become essential factors in helping students to achieve a better performance in learning physics. This research was aimed at analyzing the effect of scientific approach-integrated local wisdom content on senior high students' critical thinking ability, and problem solving skills. This research used a quasiexperiment with the post-test only control group design. The research population consisted of all eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja in the academic year 2018/2019 with the total of 220 students. The equality of the classes was firstly tested and the sample was then selected by random sampling technique. The research instruments were critical thinking ability test and problem solving skills test. Before they were used, their validity and reliability were tested. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively and to test the hypothesis of this research used MANOVA at α = 0.05. The results of the study revealed that there was a difference simultaneously on students' critical thinking ability and problem solving skills between students who learned through the scientific approach-integrated local wisdom content learning model and those who learned with conventional learning model. Higher critical thinking and problem solving skills was achieved by the students who learned through the scientific based-learning approach with local wisdom content.
ABSTRAKKurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru-guru SDN gugus I Widya Wacana kecamatan Seririt dalam menyusun penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK) melatarbelakangi kegiatan pengabdian ini. Padahal PTK menjadi salah satu syarat saat pengajuan kenaikan pangkat guru. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru-guru SDN gugus I Widya Wacana dalam menyusun PTK. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah 10 orang guru SDN gugus I Widya Wacana yang masih dalam golongan III. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan ceramah, tanya jawab, pelatihan penyusunan proposal PTK, dan pendampingan. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan pada tanggal 28 sampai dengan 29 Juni 2021 di SDN 3 Kalianget. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan pendampingan hingga penerapan PTK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para peserta tentang penyusunan PTK. Ketercapaian pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil penilaian pada proposal yang telah disusun peserta selama mengikuti pelatihan dengan rerata sebesar 80,2 dengan kategori baik. Dampak kegiatan ini sangat dirasakan oleh peserta dengan munculnya semangat untuk memulai menulis PTK terutama bagi guru yang akan mengajukan kenaikan pangkat tahun ini. Respon peserta sangat positif dan sangat antusias selama mengikuti pelatihan. Para peserta menyarankan agar kegiatan seperti ini terus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: pelatihan; penelitian tindakan kelas; profesionalisme. ABSTRACTThe lack of knowledge and skills of elementary school’s teachers of cluster I Widya Wacana, Seririt sub-district in compiling classroom action research (CAR) motivated this community service activity. Whereas CAR is one of the requirements when applying for a teacher promotion. The purpose of this activity that had been carried out was to improve the knowledge and skills of elementary school’s teachers of cluster I Widya Wacana in preparing CAR. The target of this activity was 10 elementary school’s teachers of cluster I Widya Wacana, who are still in grade III. The activity method was carried out by giving lectures, discussions, training in the preparation of CAR proposals, and mentoring. The training activities were carried out on 28 to 29 June 2021 at SDN 3 Kalianget. Then continued with mentoring activities about the implementation of CAR. The results of the training showed that the training activities can increase the knowledge and skills of the participants regarding the preparation of CAR. The achievement of this community service implementation is shown by the results of the assessment on the proposals that had been prepared by the participants during the training with an average 80.2 in the good category. The impact of this activity was felt by the participants with the emergence of enthusiasm to start writing CAR, especially for teachers who will submit of promotions this year. The response of the participants was very positive and very enthusiastic during the training. The participants suggested that activities like this should be carried out on an ongoing basis. Keywords: training; classroom action research; professionalism.
Character building becomes an essential part in the science learning process to prepare the students as the next generations of our nations. This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective learning model combined with indigenous science content for junior high school students in developing local wisdom-based characters and high-order thinking skills. This research is a a research and development (R & D) approach with the Borg and Gall model involving 36 junior high school science teachers (72 teachers). The research instrument were a character questionnaire as well as a test of problem-solving, critical and creative thinking tests, along with an assessment rubric to measure the depth of students' cognitive abilities. From the results of the learning model trial, it was found that there are eight characters based on Balinese local wisdom that can be developed in science learning for junior high school students namely religious, being honest (satyam), tolerance (tat twam asi), responsible (sesana/swadharma), curious, jengah, hardworking and generous, caring and friendly with nature. Conceptually, the core stages of the junior high school science learning model to develop Balinese local wisdom based characters include: initial exploration, investigation from various perspectives, elaboration, and confirmation and reinforcement. The stages in the science learning model that develop characters based on local wisdom provide opportunities for teachers to improve students' cognitive abilities, especially in the realm of higher-order thinking skills.
This report is briefly investigating the structural defect information of T'-Pr2−xCexCuO4 (T'-PCCO) nanocrystals with x = 0.13 at three different calcination temperatures. The as-synthesized powder of Pr2−xCexCuO4 (PCCO) nanocrystals with x = 0.13 were synthesized by using the chemically dissolved method within three different calcination temperatures, namely 900 o C, 950 o C, and 1000 o C for 15 h in air. Xray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to characterize the phase, structural, and crystalline defect information on the nanocrystal powder. It is found that all the indexed peaks are confirmed as PCCO phase with space group of I4/mmm and a minor impurity of Fm-3m space group. The lattice parameters are confirmed to be fluctuated signifying the stability of the Coulomb force at those temperatures. The post-Rietveld analysis using Bond Valance Sum (BVS) calculation shows the Ce-dependent of T'-PCCO nanocrystals while the Fourier difference suggests that the created crystalline defect as a part of the tetravalent doping effect which binds stronger apical oxygen. Moreover, at Pr-and Cu-site, the scattering distribution are fluctuating with the stable structure at 1000 o C. This initial structural information is worth complementing the fundamental feature for understanding the T'-type cuprates.
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