We carried out the clinical validation of pathogenetically substantiated protocols for the treatment of female dogs with tumour lesions of the mammary gland. The positive effect of corrective therapy was characterized by a decrease in the physiological level of fibrinogen: in benign tumours in 10 days, malignant – in 14 days against the background of its stable high level in control animals with malignant neoplasia. In the postoperative period in experimental animals, the functioning of the internal coagulation unit was restored, as evidenced by the normalization of the activated partial thromboplastin time for benign tumours by days 10–14, malignant – by 14 days. In control patients, these changes were detected only for benign neoplasms. Shifts of the external mechanism of blood coagulation in the experimental groups were eliminated in benign neoplasia cases in 10 days, malignant cases in 14 days against the background of severe disorders in this link in control patients throughout the observation period. The positive effect of complex treatment regimens is confirmed by the restoration of total fibrinolytic activity by days 10–14 due to the normalization in the same terms of the plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator by days 3–7. In control animals, the total fibrinolytic activity was consistent with those of clinically healthy animals only for benign neoplasms. The balancing of coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of proteolytic inhibitors: α2-macroglobulin in experimental groups with benign neoplasia by day 10, malignant – by days 10–14, and control – respectively, by days 3 and 14; α1-proteinase inhibitor in all groups by day 3. Concentration of nitric oxide after extirpation of benign tumors already at day 3 of the postoperative period in all groups corresponded to the indexes of clinically healthy dogs, with the removal of malignant tumours – in experimental animals at day 3, control – at day 14. The content of malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin against the background of pharmacological correction was restored by days 10–14, whereas in control animals – only with benign neoplasms by day 14. Postoperative pharmacological correction of the hemostasis system can significantly improve the results of treatment in cancer patients.

This paper provides data on the clinical signs of pododermatitis in dogs and also investigates effective treatment regimens. The urgency of the stated problem is due to the growing incidence of pododermatitis in dogs, its polyetiological nature, which requires a multifaceted approach to diagnostics and the introduction of effective treatments methods. Thereby, the purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical manifestations of skin diseases of the distal extremities in dogs and to determine the efficacy of complex therapy of pododermatitis. The studies were based on clinical research methods in dermatology, parasitological (skin scraping), bacteriological, and mycological (seeding on nutrient media with subsequent isolation of the pathogen) surveys. Based on the findings of the study, the absolute number of cases revealed lesions of 2 paws (53.3%), much less often – all 4 limbs (26.7%). It was found that mainly localisation of superficial skin lesions was found in 56.2% in the area of the interdigital space and 43.7% of cases – only on the plantar surface of the pastern (metatarsus), rarely – inflammation of the claw phalanx (31.2%). The main clinical signs of dermatitis of the distal extremities in dogs were erosive and ulcerative inflammation, alopecia, papules and pustules filled with purulent exudate, erythematous inflammation, haemorrhage, areas of lichenification. Studies on the treatment of dogs with pododermatitis caused by Staphylococcus intermedius, Demodex canis and Malassezia pachydermatis have shown the following: introduction of drugs Bravecto, Cefuroxime, Orungal, Apoquel and Derinat increased the efficacy of therapy in animals of the experimental group, as compared with the control (from 28.6% to 66.7%), reducing the duration of treatment to 21 days (p˂0.01) and extending the remission period to an average of 185 days (p˂0.01). The prospect of further research is the unification of clinical, morphological, and biochemical blood parameters as diagnostic criteria for pododermatitis in dogs

The high level of morbidity of dogs from mammary gland tumours and deficiencies in the pathogenesis give relevance to study of the disorders of the hemostatic system for predicting the neoplasia process. Our research concerned the determination of markers of the hemostatic system and endothelial function at different sizes (≤ 2, 5–7 and >10 cm) of benign (n = 28) and malignant (n = 27) breast tumours in dogs, taking into account their histological structure. The progression of the tumour process was accompanied by a 1.24–1.81 times increase in the fibrinogen content in the benign forms and 1.39–2.38 times in malignant against the background of progressive excess accumulation of soluble fibrin. The results of coagulation tests indicate that the increase in blood coagulation, which correlates with the magnitude of tumours, occurred mainly externally. In malignant neoplasms reliable, compared to clinically healthy dogs, reduction of total fibrinolytic activity occurred due to deficient inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator by 1.62–2.03 times. Increase in the size of benign neoplasms was accompanied by increased activity of the α1-inhibitor of proteinases, and in malignant – only in tumours of the size of 5–7 cm, against the background of its decrease in dogs with small and giant neoplasia. The progression of the disease was characterized by an increase in the content of α2-macroglobulin in benign lesions from 1.19–1.24 times, malignant – from 1.25–2.03 times. At the same time, there was a deepening of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the excess accumulation in the blood of malondialdehyde by 1.29–1.70 times in benign tumours, and 1.58–2.73 times in malignant. Regardless of the pathomorphologic form, the magnitude of the neoplasia foci is directly correlated with excess accumulation of nitric oxide and the level of hypoproteinemia, and vice versa – the content of ceruloplasmin. Further research should be undertaken to study the hemostatic status in certain nosological forms of breast tumours in dogs, which will improve the diagnosis and development of effective treatment protocols.

The article presents data on the distribution of ehrlichiosis among cats in the metropolitan city of Kharkiv and the basic principles of its treatment. Recently, the number of cases of domestic pets with transmissive diseases has been increasing in Ukraine. One of these is the naturally occurring, transmissive diseases of cats and dogs caused by rickettsiae of the genus Ehrlichia, known as ehrlichiosis. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of publications on the incidence of cats with ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichia are gram-negative, obligate, intracellular agents. Their average size is 0,5-1,5 microns. Plasma monocytes are parasitize in the form of morules, which are colored blue according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. Ixodidae ticks, primarily Rhipicephalus sanguineus, transmit the pathogen agents of this disease. As a result of the studies, it was found that ehrlichiosis was registered in 20,6 % of the examined animals of different ages, sex and breed. In cats aged 2-5 years old, the disease has registered more often. It should be noted that 11,26 % of animals were found to be infected with several pathogens of vector-borne diseases (babesiosis and ehrlichiosis). Monitoring of clinical symptoms in cats with ehrlichiosis was characterized by specific clinical symptoms: increase in body temperature to 39,8-41,0 °C, apathy, anorexia, periodic vomiting. In some cases, paleness or jaundice of the mucous membranes, hemoglobinuria, nasal bleeding, limping, and weakness of the hind limbs were registered. For the diagnosis, direct microscopy of peripheral blood smears was performed following the procedure using a Leukodif 200 blood smear rapid stain kit. To confirm the diagnosis, the material was examined for the presence of the pathogen DNA in the polymerase chain reaction of LLC "AGROGEN NOVO" Kharkov. The strategy of treating cat ehrlichiosis included the complex application of modern medicines (antibacterials, immunostimulants, metabolic correctors, hepatoprotectors, probiotics). This treatment scheme allows to achieve complete elimination of the pathogen from the animal.

Due to relevance of the problem, prediction of biological behaviour of neoplasias in mammary glands of dogs requires using contemporary approaches to the study, first of all, of ways of dissemination of tumour cells. One of them is studying the mechanisms of migration of cancer cells out of the neoplasm tissues with further dissemination and development of metastatic sites in the regional lymphatic nodes and remote tissues. We studied the survival period of bitches with tumours of the mammary glands following regional or unilateral mastectomy. Among malignant mammary tumours in bitches, the most often diagnosed were single tumours (57.5%), which histologically were classified to carcinomas – ductal (26.9%) and mixed type (21.9%). Probability of intratumoral invasion to blood vessels equaled 12.0%, to lymph vessels – 7.8%, lymph nodes – 12.8%. It depends on the histological type of the tumour, the most aggressive potentially being сomedocarcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Parameters of life expectancy and survival level after mastectomy depend on clinical stage of the disease (increase in the stage from the first to the third was characterized by decrease from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 9.4 ± 7.8 months), presence of angio/lymphatic invasions, presence of angiolymphatic invasion, but had no correlation with the size of the tumours. An important predictor of tumour-related death of dogs suffering neoplasias of the mammary glands is index vet-NPI, which has significant correlation with the clinical stage according to Owen and median survival. In particular, median survival in patients with the index lower than 4 exceeded the corresponding values in dogs with the index above 4 by 1.3 times. A promising direction of further research would be studying biological mechanisms of development of tumour emboli in the blood and lymph vessels, metastatic sites in lymph nodes, and also determining their role in pathogenesis of canine mammary tumours.

Проведено клиническое и молекулярно-генетическое обследование и лечение 140 пациенток с генитальным эндометриозом. Комплексное лечение включало применение хирургического лапароскопического метода и гормональных препаратов (агонисты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормонов, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы). Наиболее эффективным методом медикаментозной терапии эндометриоза после предварительной хирургической коррекции было назначение агонистов гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормонов. Эффективность медикаментозной терапии эндометриоза коррелирует с особенностями полиморфизма генов ферментов второй фазы биотрансформации ксенобиотиков -«функционально неполноценные» генотипы 0/0 GSTТ1 и 0/0 GSTМ1 ассоциированы с низкой эффективностью медикаментозного лечения генитального эндометриоза. Целесообразно назначение медикаментозной терапии эндометриоза с учетом особенностей генетического полиморфизма организма пациентки.Ключевые слова: генитальный эндометриоз, глутатион-S-трансферазы, эффективность лечения.Clinical and molecular-genetic examination and treatment of 140 patients with genital endometriosis is presented. Integrated treatment included surgery laparoscopic method and application of hormonal preparations (agonists gonadotropin releasing hormones, combined oral contraceptives). The most effective method of drug therapy of endometriosis after prior surgical correction was the appointment of agonists gonadotropin releasing hormone. The effectiveness of drug therapy of endometriosis correlated with special genes polymorphism of enzymes of biotransformation phase is "functionally defective genotypes 0/0" GSTT1 and GSTM1 0/0 are associated with low efficiency of medical treatment of the genital endometriosis. Assignment of drug therapy of endometriosis based on genetic polymorphism of an organism of the patient is appropriate.

The problem of limb disease in cats is a common problem. This is especially concern of the inflammation of the paws. Etiologic factors are bacterial diseases, chronic fungal diseases, hypothermia, systemic allergic diseases, a consequence of autoimmune diseases. Pododermatitis in cats is characterized by versatile similar clinical manifestations, which complicates the diagnosis. Recently, it is recommended to use various tests to determine the cause of the disease in order to establish a definitive diagnosis of pododermatitis in cats and this is relevant and needs to be solved.The purpose of the work is to develop a comprehensive diagnostic approach for pododermatitis in cats.Objectives of the research: to monitor pododermatitis in cats, to establish the main clinical signs of the disease, to detail the elements of diagnosis to make a basic diagnosis. The studies were performed on cats with skin disease in the form of pododermatites living in Kharkiv in the period 2017-2019. At the first stage of the study, anamnestic data were collected, taking into account age, breed, conditions of keeping animals, type of diet. The second stage of the study included general clinical studies and special diagnostic criteria (histomorphological, cytological, mycological tests and thin-needle biopsy).General clinical syndrome included increased cleansing of limbs (licking), severe lameness, tenderness on palpation of pads and during movement, enlargement of their volume, the skin covering on the pads was soft, thin, covered with white scales, some animals occasionally had blood, depigmentation sites were recorded.Making a final diagnosis. 1. Exclusion of other differential diagnoses. 2. Cytology: establish the presence of plasma cells, sometimes microorganisms cocoon.3. Biopsy and histomorphological studies: detection of polymorphic dermoid plasmacytic infiltrate, with presence of cells of histiocytic granulosa type (polynuclear and plasmocytes), exocytosis in the presence of isolated small lymphocytes, formation in cytoplasm of cells.The proposed scheme of diagnostic studies in dermatopathology in cats provides a differentiated approach to the final diagnosis, especially for pododermatitis of different etiology. Алгоритм диагностики плазмоцитарного пододерматита у кошек И. Д. Евтушенко, А. А. Цимерман Харьковская государственная зооветеринарная академия, Харьков, УкраинаПроблема заболеваний конечностей у котов является распространенной проблемой. Особенно это касается заболевания мякишей лап. Пододерматит у кошек характеризуются разносторонними сходными клиническими проявлениями, что затрудняет постановку диагноза. За последнее время для установления окончательного диагноза по пододерматиту кошек рекомендуется применение различных тестов для установления причины развития заболевания и это актуально и требует решения.Цель работы -разработать комплексный диагностический подход пододерматитов у кошек.

Practice of treatment standard application experiences the certain difficulties. On the one hand, the most treatment standards lay on insufficient economical base, on the other hand, the limitation of health protection in bankroll leads to the insufficient treatment efficiency.An analysis of diagnostic study costs in Tomsk special treatment-and-prophylactic institutions has been made on the example of inflammatory pelvis minor organ diseases.The results of the investigation have shown that the character of diagnostic study of patients with inflammatory pelvis minor organ diseases differed significantly from the treatment standard. At the same time this fact defines not only the necessity of expense increase for diagnostic study but, first of all, the necessity of changes of diagnostic study structure that has been proved by modern pharmaeconomical methods.