In 2014, Ukraine signed and ratified the Agreement on associated with the EU. One of the requirements advanced in this Agreement lies in establishing the procedures of monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GG) from power plants. This system is based on the assemblage of procedures for estimating the GG emissions. Greenhouse gases formed at the combustion of organic fuels are CO2, CH4, and N2O. Carbon dioxide is the main GG emitted by power plants. In carrying out this work, we developed a method for the calculation of CO2 emission, formed during coal firing at thermal power plants (TPP), based on the carbon content factors with regard for the low calorific value of coal and heat loss due to unburned carbon. Using this method, we obtained the values of specific carbon content factors, CO2 emission factors and gross CO2 emissions from Ukrainian TPP during the last years. We also calculated the gross GG emissions. In 2018, the GG emissions at Ukrainian TPP were equal to 45.5 mln t of CO2-equivalent.The values of specific GG emissions per unit of supplied electric power constituted 1126 g/kW-h. This parameter reached 1186 g/kW-h for coal of grade A and L, and 1112 g/kW-h for grades G and DG. Ref. 16, Tab. 8.
Introduction. The increase in coal share in the fuel balance of thermal power plants has led to increasing the SO 2 annual gross emissions to about 1 million tons. This fact require to introduce technological measures for the reduction of SO 2 emission at coalfired thermal power plants. Materials and Methods. Using a standard procedure, we have performed calculations of the specific flue gases volumes and SO 2 concentrations in them by the data of 96 certificates for coal products from mines and concentrating plants of the Donetsk coal basin. Results and Discussion. As a result, we have obtained empirical linear dependences of the specific volume of dry flue gases on lower heating value and ash content in the fuel and dependences of SO 2 concentration on sulfur and ash content in the fuel, which are different for low-reactive and high-reactive coals. In the case of presence of unburned carbon, the specific volume of dry flue gases decreases by a factor of (1-q u /100), and SO 2 concentration in them increases in the same proportion. We have created an engineering method for determining the specific volume of dry flue gases of coal-fired boilers and expected SO 2 concentration in them based on the data of coal technical analysis in the presence of the heat loss due to unburnt carbon. The method of the specific emissions' calculation at the TPPs and CHPs and the sulphur dioxide concentration expected in it is proposed to use in a range of the fuel ash content A d from 4.0 to 50.0% and the fuel low heat value Q i r from 14.5 to 32.0 MJ/kg. The proposed engineering method has been used for calculating an estimate of the gross SO 2 emissions and volumes of dry flue gases at the Ukrainian coal-fired thermal power plants from 2012 to 2016. The values of sulfur specific emission in flue gases during recent years are at a level of 16-20 grams per kilowatt-hour (kW-h) of electricity supplied. Conclusions. The method developed allows to make the evaluation of the sulphur dioxide emission expected on the basis of the technical analysis data and choose necessary desulphurization technology to meet the environment legislation requirements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.