Emissions of Greenhouse Gases From Ukrainian Thermal Power Plants

Abstract

In 2014, Ukraine signed and ratified the Agreement on associated with the EU. One of the requirements advanced in this Agreement lies in establishing the procedures of monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GG) from power plants. This system is based on the assemblage of procedures for estimating the GG emissions. Greenhouse gases formed at the combustion of organic fuels are CO2, CH4, and N2O. Carbon dioxide is the main GG emitted by power plants. In carrying out this work, we developed a method for the calculation of CO2 emission, formed during coal firing at thermal power plants (TPP), based on the carbon content factors with regard for the low calorific value of coal and heat loss due to unburned carbon. Using this method, we obtained the values of specific carbon content factors, CO2 emission factors and gross CO2 emissions from Ukrainian TPP during the last years. We also calculated the gross GG emissions. In 2018, the GG emissions at Ukrainian TPP were equal to 45.5 mln t of CO2-equivalent.The values of specific GG emissions per unit of supplied electric power constituted 1126 g/kW-h. This parameter reached 1186 g/kW-h for coal of grade A and L, and 1112 g/kW-h for grades G and DG. Ref. 16, Tab. 8.

Estimation and forecasting of carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired thermal power plants in Ukraine

“…Greenhouse gases produced by burning organic fuels are CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O. In 2017-2018, carbon dioxide made 99.5 % of the total amount of GHG at the TPPs [4,5]; therefore, the assessment and forecasting of GHG emissions, primarily СО 2 , is of interest for both experts and the public.…”

“…According to the Monitoring Procedure, Ukrainian thermal power plants belong to combustion plants of category B, whose volume of greenhouse gas emissions exceeds 500 thou-sand tons of CO 2 equivalent per year. Coal at Ukrainian TPPs belongs to a "signifi cant" material fl ow, since the amount of CO 2 emissions generated during its combustion is over 90 % of the total amount of carbon dioxide [5]. For category B combustion plants, when calculating CO 2 emissions generated during the burning of "signifi cant" material fl ows, such methods should be used that allow obtaining results with an error of less than 2.5 %.…”

“…The analysis of formulas (4)(5) shows that there is a relationship between the combustion heat and the carbon content in coal of diff erent grades, and that the contribution of the carbon combustion heat to the fuel combustion heat is the largest. Fig.…”

Estimation of pollutants emissions at Ukrainian thermal power plants

“…[1]. Крім того, Україна після 1 січня 2029 р. має забезпечити дотримання концентрації діоксиду сірки в димових газах ТЕС [17]. Установки очищення димових газів від оксидів сірки та азоту на ТЕС України взагалі не проектувалися.…”

“…Треба зазначити, що проектування та будівництво установки сіркоочищення на ТЕС триває 3-4 роки, так що роботи в цьому напрямку треба розпочати вже сьогодні. У планах реконструкції передбачено реалізацію всього одного пілотного проекту з будівництва сіркоочисної установки на енергоблоці № 2 Трипільської ТЕС, на якій планується використання технології напівсухого вапняного сіркоочищення за технологією ЦКШ Rafako [17]. ВИСНОВКИ 1.…”