No abstract

Two new spiro-lanostane triterpenoids, antrolactones A and B (1 and 2), along with polyporenic acid C (3), were isolated from an EtOAc-soluble extract of Antrodia heteromorpha culture medium, and the chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated by application of NMR, MS, and ECD spectroscopic techniques. All isolated compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis.

A chemical investigation of a basidiomycetes fungus, Perenniporia maackiae, led to the discovery of 12 drimane sesquiterpenoids, including seven new constituents (1-7). The elucidation of the structures was performed via interpreting extensive spectroscopic methods, including ECD calculations. Among all isolated compounds, 1, 2, and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity toward six carcinoma cells, including ACHN, HCT-15, MDA-MB-231, NCI-H23, NUGC-3, and PC-3 cells, with half-maximal inhibition of cell proliferation values of 1.2-6.0 μM.

Platycodon grandiflorum root is a traditional medicine and food material rich in triterpenoid saponins. Its major constituent, platycodin D (PD), is known to have various pharmacological properties, but processing methods may influence the PD content. In this study, a fully validated HPLC-ELSD method was developed for the quantification of PD in various states of 73 P. grandiflorum root samples from East Asia, and it exhibited a marked variation of the content. Furthermore, the effects of processing procedures such as peeling and drying temperature on the PD content were investigated using UPLC-ELSD analysis, and as a result, a significant influence of processing methods such as peeling and heating of samples on the content was confirmed. Specifically, unpeeled samples that were dried at 40 °C showed the greatest PD content. The obtained results could facilitate the reliable standardization of P. grandiflorum for precise authentication and efficacious applications.

The presence of excessive osteoclasts is a major factor in skeletal diseases. The present study aimed to discover osteoclast differentiation inhibitors from the basidiomycete Xylodon flaviporus. Seven new drimane sesquiterpenoids (1–7) and 7-ketoisodrimenin-5-ene (8) were obtained and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow macrophages. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed potent activities with IC50 values of 1.6, 0.9, and 2.1 μM, respectively, while 4, 5, and 7 exhibited relatively weak activities with IC50 values of 10.7, 10.1, and 8.5 μM, respectively.