HOW TO OBTAIN CONTACT HOURS BY READING THIS ARTICLE INSTRUCTIONS 1.2 contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at http://goo.gl/gMfXaf. To obtain contact hours you must: 1. Read the article, "Effects of the Evidence-Based Nursing Care Algorithm of Dysphagia for Nursing Home Residents" found on pages 30-39, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz. 2. Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study. 3. Go to the Villanova website listed above to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name; contact information; and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated. This activity is valid for continuing education credit until October 31, 2018. CONTACT HOURS This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated. Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. ACTIVITY OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the development and testing of the Evidence-Based Nursing Care Algorithm of Dysphagia (ENCAD) in long-term care settings. 2. Review the outcome of implementing the ENCAD for dysphagia management in a nursing home. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose. Standardized nursing care protocols for dysphagia management have not been established in nursing home settings in Korea. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of the Evidence-Based Nursing Care Algorithm of Dysphagia (ENCAD) on risk of dysphagia, oral health, and dysphagia-specific quality of life among nursing home residents. The ENCAD was administered to 40 residents in one nursing home in urban South Korea for 6 months. A control-intervention, time-series design was used, under which participants served as their own controls. Oral health, risk of aspiration, and dysphagia-specific quality of life were measured at baseline, post-control, and post-intervention. Findings showed that risk of aspiration (p < 0.01) and dysphagia-related quality of life (p < 0.001) improved significantly after the ENCAD ...
Results show that GUSS and SSA are reliable and sensitive tools for screening dysphagia which nurses can use in nursing homes. Further research is needed to examine feasibility of screening with identified tools, and also, to establish effective and standardized protocols for these tools so they can be effectively incorporated into routine care.
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to develop a training program for swallowing and to test its effect on swallowing capacity and nutritional status among nursing home residents with stroke. Methods: A swallowing training program was developed by literature review, expert validation and a pilot test. A pretest and posttest quasi-experimental study design with nonequivalent control group was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Swallowing training was conducted for thirty minutes, three times a week for 8 weeks. Swallowing capacity including dysphagia screening score, swallowing symptom questionnaire and tongue pressure, and nutritional status including body mass index and mid arm muscle circumference were measured at the baseline and at 8 weeks. Results: The exercised-based swallowing training program consisted of oromotor exercise, expiratory muscle strength exercise and effortful swallow. The participants were 77.2 years old on average. At the completion of 8-week program, the experimental group showed better scores in dysphagia screening (p=.039) and swallowing symptom questionnaire (p=.004) and a significant increase in tongue pressure (p=.003). Conclusion: The exercised-based swallowing training program was safely applied to nursing home residents with stroke and showed a significant improvement of swallowing capacity. Further studies are needed to identify its effect on the nutritional status.
The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based dysphagia nursing care protocol for nursing home (NH) residents in Korea. Methods: The protocol was developed based on international guidelines and literatures. After testing content validity by experts, the protocol was applied to the intervention group (n=35) for 4 weeks at one NH in December, 2011, whereas the control group (n=34) received routine care. Results: The protocol was composed of one-page algorithm and detailed guidelines. Algorithm pathway was organized in 3 parts, including screening dysphagia risk, grouping by dysphagia risk level, and assigning nursing care into each group. The nursing care included positioning, oral care, meal time care, diet modification, providing exercise and maneuver, and checking dysphagia signs and symptoms. The experts verified the content validity. Protocol was revised to fit NH practice after the participant observation. Clinical validity was established upon evaluating usefulness, appropriateness, and convenience of the protocol by NH nurses. Dysphagia risk of the intervention group was significantly decreased. Conclusion: Developed protocol will improve the quality of dysphagia care in nursing homes as it can serve as a consistent and integrated standard for nursing care of residents with dysphagia.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the PTSD scale (K-PTSD) for measuring attitudes and knowledge of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-PTSD scale consisted of 8 items for attitudes, 8 items for general knowledge of PTSD, and 3 items for knowledge of PTSD treatment; 211 nursing students and paramedic students participated. Content validity, item analysis, and factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity. Criterion validity was tested by using educational experience with PTSD as a criterion. Cronbach's α was used to identify internal consistency reliability in the attitude scale. Results: Construct validity of the K-PTSD was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loadings for attitude ranging from .59 to .84. Criterion validity in comparing knowledge of PTSD (t=2.02, p=.044) and PTSD treatment (t=3.19, p=.022) showed a significant difference according to PTSD educational experience. Cronbach's α for the attitude scale was .79 and .59. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the K-PTSD is a valid and reliable tool that can measure attitudes and knowledge of PTSD among nursing and paramedic students. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of this scale with more diverse participants.
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