<p>Electrical power is considered as a significant part of contemporary life, and an essential element for development. Fossil fuels have been utilized since the beginning of the twentieth century for electricity generation. However, fossil fuels depletion at the escalating pace as well as their formidable negative implications upon ecosystem contributed to increasing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources for producing electric power to meet the growing demand worldwide. In Iraq, the electrical supply is not sufficient to supply 12 hours a day of electricity. Many rural areas, particularly their schools are suffering from the electricity shortage such as Umm Qasr Primary School that located 20 km away from the city centre of Karbala city in the middle of Iraq. In order to overcome this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid system which relies on renewable resources and the local grid to electrify Umm Qasr Primary School. Various combinations of energy resources have been analysed by using HOMER software to estimate an optimum hybrid system. The analysis illustrates that the optimal configuration of the projected system is composed of 22.4 kW PV modules, 59 batteries, and 5738kWh purchased from the local grid which has reduced the net present cost(NPC)from US$ 163791 the current situation to US$60,420 for the proposed system. The simulation findings also demonstrate that detrimental emissions have been reduced significantly.</p>
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) can be used directly in place of the induction motors (I.M) for several industrial applications since it is characterized by high efficiency, high power factor, and high power compared to I.M. However, this type of motor suffers from some abnormal conditions that result in minimizing power quality such as voltage sags, temporary disturbances, and faults within the network. In this paper, the behavior of PMSM has been studied under the above conditions in a Matlab/Simulink environment. It was noticed that such problems caused an increase in the amount of torque and current in this motor which impacted negatively on the motor speed and influenced the behavior of PMSM.
With the rising need for utilizing renewable energy instead of traditional energies in electricity generation across the world, a broad assessment of these energies' performance is required to make the most of them everywhere. This paper looks at the techno-economics of renewable energy resources for a distant health clinic in a rural location of southern Iraq. Cost, dependability, and availability are the parameters that were considered in this study, which took into consider the power load in this scenario. Because of its efficacy, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was chosen for the suggested study. Results showed that the respective optimal values for number of photovoltaics (NPV) equal to (10), number of wind turbines (NWT) equal to (5), and number of batteries (NBT) of (33), cost of energy (COE) of (0.518 US$/kWh), loss power supply probability (LPSP) of (0.073%), reliability (REL) of (99.927%) and renewable factors (RF) of (100%) with (66 %) solar energy penetration, and (34%) wind energy penetration. Finally, it was discovered that implementing a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is an effective way to address the electrical demands of remote rural regions in Iraq and other developing countries with similar climates.
As conventional energy sources decrease and worldwide power demand grows, the appeal of photovoltaic (PV) systems as sustainable and ecofriendly energy sources has grown. PV system installation is influenced by geographical location, orientation, and inclination angle. Despite its success, weather conditions such as dust substantially influences PV module performance. This study provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the impact of dust characteristics on PV systems from three distinct perspectives. Firstly, the study looks at the dust properties in different categories: optical, thermal, physical, and chemical, highlighting their significant impact on the performance of PV systems. Secondly, the research reviews various approaches and equipment used to evaluate dust’s impact on PV, emphasizing the need for reliable instruments to measure its effects accurately. Finally, the study looks at modeling and predicting the influence of dust on PV systems, considering the parameters that affect electrical, optical, and thermal behavior. The review draws attention to the need for further research into dust’s properties, including thermal conductivity and emissivity. This analysis highlights the need for further research to develop a scientific correlation to predict the thermal behavior of PV in dusty environments. This paper identifies areas for further research to develop more efficient and effective methods for analyzing this influence and improving PV efficiency and lifespan.
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